The Influence of Personality Traits on the Processing of Visual and Verbal Information

The purpose of this research is to investigate individuals' preferences for visual as opposed to verbal information and to explore how those preferences relate to processing style personality traits. In comparison to individuals with other processing style personality traits, individuals with a high need for cognition prefer to process verbal information while individuals with a high need for affect prefer to process visual information. Linking processing style personality traits with preferences for visual/verbal information increases our theoretical understanding and practical applicability of personality traits.     

Informal household preparedness: methodological approaches to everyday practices

Abstract

Despite increasing attention to individuals’ everyday lives in the literature on risk, few studies investigate household preparedness within the everyday life context. Preparedness is most often regarded as a predefined set of capacities for dealing with emergencies. This article presents methodological approaches for studying what I suggest calling informal preparedness activities that are performed as part of daily life in households. Starting with the assumption that everyday life is enacted through culturally and socially shared practices, it is argued that preparedness is interwoven into these practices. Contrary to studying preparedness as the degree to which households are aware of and act according to a formal definition of preparedness, informal household preparedness focuses on preparedness as embedded in the routinised practices that make up everyday life. The study of informal household preparedness is based on three methodological approaches that explore these practices: (i) Performance of everyday practices, where interviews that focus on performance ask questions about what practitioners actually do; (ii) materiality, where walk-alongs are used to connect performance interviews to the material surroundings; and (iii) visualisation, where the material aspects of informal preparedness are documented. These approaches were carried out in a study of Norwegian households’ management of and preparedness for electricity and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure breakdowns. Addressing informal and formal preparedness activities expands our understanding of household preparedness and should help policy makers recognise the active role of households and their actual resources and constraints in future preparedness planning.     

基于CiteSpace的国内控制权研究进展与热点趋势分析

采用CiteSpace软件对中国社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)2000—2020年收录的主题为控制权的993篇文献进行可视化分析,定量全面梳理了中国控制权研究的整体脉络和发展趋势.研究结果表明:控制权研究经历了从聚焦于控制权本身到控制权配置要素及应用等阶段;控制权研究主要受到管理学、经济学两大学科的关注,国内控制权已形成多个研究团队,研究机构间的合作行为较少;控制权研究主题前四聚类为控制权、控制权私利、控制权转移、剩余控制权;关键性资源、保险行业、不稳定公共组织过程、公共数字文化服务、异质性股东以及外部投资者、投资者非理性行为、控制权强度等是目前以及未来一段时间的研究重点.     

Effects of culturally verbal and visual congruency/incongruency across cultures in a competitive advertising context

Existing consumer behavior theories suggest that consumers tend to recognize, better comprehend, and respond favorably to information that is both relevant and consistent with their beliefs and values. This study extends these theories by employing cultural arguments and pictures to examine the effects of culturally verbal and visual congruency/incongruency on consumer ad and brand attitudes in multiple-ad and multiple-brand environments. The studies were conducted with subjects in Canada and China. The results suggest that, when the contrast ad is culturally incongruent, an ad containing a culturally congruent argument and congruent picture elicits the most positive responses, compared to other ads with different combinations of arguments and pictures. However, an ad containing a culturally incongruent argument and incongruent picture also elicits more positive responses than an ad with a culturally congruent argument and incongruent picture or a culturally incongruent argument and congruent picture.     

Improving Attitude toward Corporate Strategy with Visual Mapping： Scale Development and Application in Europe and China

Companies operating across borders face greater challenges in ensuring compliance with company strategy in different cultural contexts. Recent research shows the cognitive and emotional benefits of utilizing visual representations of knowledge in organizations. This study aims to test if mapping a corporate strategy visually can improve attitudes toward firm strategy and the intention to comply with it. An experiment is conducted comparing two knowledge maps to a textual version of the same company strategy. In order to measure attitudes toward the strategy, a scale was developed and tested in Europe and China. The study outcome provides a parsimonious and effective tripartite scale of attitude with cognitive, affective and behavioral components. The scale was then applied to a different sample to test the effect of mapping a company strategy visually on attitude toward the strategy, and to test if the effect is persistent in Europe and China. The results of the experiment show that subjects exposed to the visual conditions had significantly more positive affective and cognitive attitudes toward the content.     

视觉情绪记忆的判断标准变化

本文运用医生/汽车维修工刺激套范式,选取大学生42人作为被试,以视觉方式启动控制、悲伤、愉快、恐惧情绪下,然后在5种评价等级下进行信号检测论实验。结果:从反应偏向β来看,视觉启动下,中等评价等级下被试倾向于击中或正确拒斥,最高评价等级下被试倾向于漏报,在较低评价等级下被试更倾向于虚报;在最低评价等级下,悲伤情绪的被试更倾向于虚报,愉快情绪的被试更倾向于击中或正确拒斥,恐惧情绪的被试更倾向于漏报。结论:从反应偏向来看,人在决策时倾向于在最高和较低自信下失误,中等自信下有利于决策正确;在最低评价等级下,正效价情绪下有利于决策正确,负效价情绪下倾向于决策失误。     

从民间工艺美术谈陕西区域性设计

陕西省是一个有着深厚文化底蕴的省份,经过上千年的历史风雨,陕西民间形成众多的民间工艺形式,这些形式业已经成为陕西文化的一部分,集中体现了陕西人的审美心理特点。笔者在分析陕西典型民间工艺的基础上,从民俗文化、造型特征、色彩应用三个方面出发,概括出陕西"本土语言符号"的特点,并以此出发展开对陕西的区域性设计的分析。     

Consumers' perceptions of food packaging: an exploratory investigation in Potchefstroom,South Africa

Consumers form perceptions of various food products through their comprehension of the visual stimuli on food packaging that attract their attention. These perceptions directly affect their purchasing decision at the point of purchase, which emphasizes the importance of attention‐capturing packaging attributes. However, little research is available regarding consumers' perceptions of food packaging, especially in the South African context. This study aimed to explore a sample of South African consumers' perceptions of food packaging and how these perceptions were formed through the perceptual process. A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted by means of 25 semi‐structured interviews and through the use of ambiguous mock packaging as a projective technique. Participants were questioned regarding their general perceptions of food packaging. The attention‐capturing ability of packaging as well as consumers' interpretation of this packaging after exposure to the mock packaging was also discussed. Findings from the study indicated that participants mainly based their perception of food packaging on its functional (being purposive, recyclable and informative) and physical attributes (being attractive, of high quality and hygienic). This study also indicated that information and visual attributes of packaging are important to gain consumers' attention in‐store. Participants' comprehension of packaging included general associations of specific food products with certain types of packaging, such as associations with quality and shelf life. Negative associations with packaging mostly entailed difficulty to handle the product, poor quality of the product and environmental problems. This study identifies those product attributes that participants regarded as the most important stimuli for forming positive perceptions regarding food packaging. It is important for manufacturers to pay attention to the information on perceptions that was gained in this study, as it might help them to create packaging that better fulfil consumer needs. These findings could also be applied in a larger study of a quantitative nature, which will ultimately result in more positive consumer shopping experiences and consumer satisfaction regarding food packaging.     

社会保障可持续发展的理论要义与复杂性视阈

从社会学角度理解社会保障可持续发展,往往是将社会保障与社会稳定、社会秩序、社会公平等联系在一起;从经济学角度认识社会保障可持续发展,将收入分配、国民储蓄、财政与金融政策、资本市场、人口老龄化与经济增长等变量与社会保障联系在一起;从政治学角度研究社会保障可持续发展,更多考虑的是社会保障责任政府、政府社会保障职能等问题。社会保障可持续发展的目标是要使全体人民的福祉不断得到改善与发展。社会保障能否可持续发展？需要我们从复杂性视阈的角度进行动态评估,以追求社会保障科学、务实与健康的发展。     

Marketing “Frankenfood”

ABSTRACT

Most visual package research in marketing to date tests only the main effects of certain visual package elements in artificially isolated experimental contexts, though, in the store, these elements are presented to the shopper in active visual circumstances. Most food packages are highly cluttered with a number of visual and text elements all competing for the shopper's limited attention; this calls into question the external validity, and therefore the usability for practitioner purposes, of these results. Given that marketers often rely on a single visual element as the sole carrier of some particular promotional message, it is critical to ascertain whether single visual elements can break through such visual clutter to effectively deliver their promotional messages to the shopper. In this study, we manipulate the level of background activity of packages while testing the ability of one visual package element—its overall shape—to affect one particular piece of package information of concern to food shoppers— appearance of size or volume. Surprisingly, our results show that the main effect of package shape type on volume perception not only remains robust under visually cluttered conditions, but that the effect is actually heightened for certain, more geometrically complex package shape types. Managerial implications are discussed.