西方资本结构理论的新发展:一个理论综述

资本结构理论是现代公司财务理论研究中十分重要的部分。西方资本结构理论研究的目的在于从理论上解释决定企业资本结构的主要因素,揭示企业资本结构与企业市场价值及企业财务行为的内在关系,为企业投融资决策提供理论基础。从20世纪70年代开始,以产权理论、代理理论、信息不对称理论及产业组织理论为核心的新资本结构理论,突破了MM定理研究框架的束缚,开拓了资本结构理论研究的一个更为广阔的领域。本文对自20世纪70年代中期以来西方资本结构理论的新发展作一综述,以期为转轨时期的我国公司的投融资决策提供一些有益的启示和借鉴。     

企业间专业化分工与产业集群组织发展——基于交易费用的分析视角

从劳动的专业化分工入手,本文通过揭示产业集聚降低区域企业交易费用,指出发生在产业关联企业间而不是企业内的专业化分工是产业集群组织发展的基本动力。大量的产业关联企业在区域内聚集发展,不仅能够降低企业内生交易费用,而且能够降低外生交易费用,使人们劳动的专业化分工深化沿着大量地理接近的企业间而不是数量有限的企业内进行,从而为产业集群发展给出了一个具有新制度经济学含义的理论解释。     

Dynamic R&D competition with memory

We consider a differential game of R&D competition and explore the impact of rivalry on the firms' investment behavior over time. Using closed-loop strategies and hence allowing for strategic interactions among rival firms we show that R&D spending by the individual competitor is increased due to competition in the race for priority. This leads us to argue that competitive encounters enhance R&D activities at the same time as increasing efficiency in the race for a technological breakthrough.     

组织冗余和独立董事制度依赖

委托代理理论认为由于所有权和经营权的分离,组织冗余会被代理人利用从而激发代理成本,并对外部监督产生正向依赖.以中国的上市公司为研究对象,本文考察了在最终控制人类型的约束条件下组织冗余和独立董事之间的依赖关系.国有公司的冗余不论和独立董事的比例还是行业专长背景都呈负相关关系,只有在非国有的上市公司中组织冗余对独立董事的行业监督表现出正向依赖的特性.这些结果表明基于组织冗余的角度,独立董事的制度安排受到所有权类型的显著影响.     

非农投资总量、结构和要素替代对就业的影响

将影响非农产业就业量的增长因素分解为:投资总量效应、结构变化效应和要素替代效应;投资总量的增长是拉动非农就业增长的主要力量,投资的行业结构变化效应以及要素替代效应导致了非农就业的下降。     

Illicit drug markets and economic irregularities

Markets for illicit drugs present an interesting case study for economics, combining non-standard characteristics such as addiction and product illegality. One response has been to argue the generality of economic principles by suggesting that they apply even in the extreme case of markets for addictive substances, e.g., by showing that demand for illicit goods is responsive to price [1] [Reframing health behavior change with behavioral economics. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Earlbaum Associates; 2000. p. 89-111.] and even by modeling addiction as rational [2] [J Political Econ 1988;96:675-700]. This paper sketches examples of an alternative reaction, focusing on idiosyncrasies of drug markets that might plausibly create counter-intuitive effects, including supply curves that slope downward because of enforcement swamping and/or a good serving as the only available store of wealth for its producer, demand reduction programs that increase demand, and consumption by “jugglers” possibly increasing rather than decreasing as prices rise. This analysis yields non-obvious policy recommendations; for example, source country control programs should concentrate on growing regions with a healthy banking sector.     

The political economy of industrialisation

This paper analyses how incentives under different sets of political institutions map into policies that promote industrialisation. I set out an endogenous growth model with non-overlapping generations, where agents are heterogeneous with respect to wealth, skills and political power. The skills of the political elite play a crucial role for industrialisation to occur. It is shown that a flat wealth distribution and a skilled political elite enhance development the most in elitist regimes, while democracies perform as well as elitist regimes in terms of industrialisation. The theoretical results regarding elitist regimes are in line with evidence on the Industrial Revolution.     

西部地区传统产业集群整合途径研究——以成都市家具产业集群为例

产业集群对西部地区缩小区域差距,进行技术创新,提高区域竞争力等方面具有重要意义。本文通过对产业集群理论的基本论述,以成都市家具产业集群为例,寻求西部地区传统产业集群整合途径。     

Why England? Demographic factors, structural change and physical capital accumulation during the Industrial Revolution

Why did England industrialize first? And why was Europe ahead of the rest of the world? Unified growth theory in the tradition of Galor and Weil (2000, American Economic Review, 89, 806–828) and Galor and Moav (2002, Quartely Journal of Economics, 177(4), 1133–1191) captures the key features of the transition from stagnation to growth over time. Yet we know remarkably little about why industrialization occurred much earlier in some parts of the world than in others. To answer this question, we present a probabilistic two-sector model where the initial escape from Malthusian constraints depends on the demographic regime, capital deepening and the use of more differentiated capital equipment. Weather-induced shocks to agricultural productivity cause changes in prices and quantities, and affect wages. In a standard model with capital externalities, these fluctuations interact with the demographic regime and affect the speed of growth. Our model is calibrated to match the main characteristics of the English economy in 1700 and the observed transition until 1850. We capture one of the key features of the British Industrial Revolution emphasized by economic historians — slow growth of output and productivity. Fertility limitation is responsible for higher per capita incomes, and these in turn increase industrialization probabilities. The paper also explores the availability of nutrition for poorer segments of society. We examine the influence of redistributive institutions such as the Old Poor Law, and find they were not decisive in fostering industrialization. Simulations using parameter values for other countries show that Britain’s early escape was only partly due to chance. France could have moved out of agriculture and into manufacturing faster than Britain, but the probability was less than 25%. Contrary to recent claims in the literature, 18th century China had only a minimal chance to escape from Malthusian constraints.     

工业园区绿色招商指标评价体系研究

本文分析了目前国内招商引资中出现的问题，提出了综合考虑投资环境和扫商要求的工业园区绿色招商及其评价指标体系，给出了相应的评价方法、同时对苏州工业围区的绿色招商水平作了具体评价。