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141.
We study contracts designed to remunerate a farmer for the production of an ecosystem service with the payment dependent on the results of the farmer’s actions and on weather conditions. Two contracts are proposed: the first takes into account both the results of the farmer’s actions and a weather variable that reflects the actual atmospheric conditions during the life of the contract; the second bases the payment on the results alone incorporating only the average effect of weather. Social welfare is optimal when both the results and the specific atmospheric conditions are taken into account; however, this type of contract may be less acceptable to the farmer due to his perception of the level of risk involved.We thank two referees for valuable comments. 相似文献
142.
143.
生态学有逐渐与经济学相渗透、相融合的趋势,从而扩展了经济学的研究边界。本文从生态学的视角对信用加以研究,首先介绍了信用生态的理论内涵,其次研究了良好的社会信用生态环境的评价标准,最后对构建和谐的社会信用生态链提出了具体的对策措施。 相似文献
144.
Urs Springer 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(4):501-513
Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors. 相似文献
145.
Valuing a change in the risk of death is a key input into the calculation of the benefits of environmental policies that save
lives. Typically such risks are monetized using the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL). Since the majority of the lives saved
by environmental policies are those of older persons, there has been much recent debate about whether the VSL should be lower
for the elderly to reflect their fewer remaining life years. We conducted a contingent valuation survey in the UK, Italy and
France designed to answer this question. The survey was administered in these three countries following a standardized protocol.
Our results suggest that the VSL is €1.022 million or €2.264 million, depending on whether we use median or mean WTP. The
VSL is not significantly lower for older persons, but is higher for persons who have been admitted to a hospital or emergency
room for cardiovascular and respiratory problems. Income is positively and significantly associated with WTP. The income elasticities
of the WTP increase gradually with income levels and are between 0.15 and 0.5 for current income levels in EU countries. We
use the responses to the WTP questions to estimate the value of an extension in remaining life expectancy. The value of a
loss of one year’s life expectancy is €54,000 or €163,000. 相似文献
146.
论我国商业银行金融风险预警指标体系 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
当今,我国金融体制改革日益深化,商业银行风险日趋增大,因此,建立健全商业银行金融风险预警机制已成为当务之急,所探讨的预警指标体系正是借鉴了国外的先进经验,并结合我国商业银行的实际业务而设计的,它共包含八大部分,涵盖了商业银行的主要经营业务,对于有效监控我国商业银行金融风险,提高其抵御风险的能力具有重要意义。 相似文献
147.
投资选择权约束、意见分歧与中国股市风险 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
特定的股票总是被市场上特定的投资者群体持有 ,以反映该投资者群体对投资资产价格的评估意见。投资者意见的分歧会导致股票市场的资产出清价格偏离均值 ,股票价格趋于均衡的波动幅度也会变大。中国股市上投资者投资选择权的约束加大了投资者的意见分歧。扩大投资者的投资选择权来促进投资者意见分歧程度的缩小能有效降低中国股市的风险。 相似文献
148.
反向抵押贷款作为一种金融产品,其核心问题是风险管理,但目前国内对于反向抵押款风险的研究仅仅停留在简单对国外文献的翻译上,并未结合中国实际进行具体分析.结合中国具体实际对反向抵押贷款中的三级风险作了详细分析,并对反向抵押贷款中的风险防范提了几点建议. 相似文献
149.
近年来有的财会人员经不住种种诱惑,采取非法手段,侵害国家、集体和人民的利益,其突出表现为做假帐。本文从心理学的角度分析了会计职务犯罪产生的因素,会计职务犯罪对社会的危害。最后,对如何预防会计职务犯罪,运用制度经济学原理从宏观和微观两方面提出了建议。 相似文献
150.