基于钻石模型的滨海新区制造业产业集群发展研究

天津滨海新区升格为国家级综合改革试验区的战略目标,是把以滨海新区为增长极的京津冀打造为环渤海乃至中国北方经济增长的发动机和最具国际竞争力的都市圈。本文借鉴迈克尔·波特的国家竞争优势钻石模型,构建一个地区制造业升级的竞争模型,并借助于这一模型对滨海新区制造业产业集群竞争力进行分析,从而就提升其产业集群竞争力进行了对策探析。     

Capability accumulation,innovation, and technology diffusion: Lessons from a Base of the Pyramid cluster

Although research on industry clusters has made many valuable contributions, a dearth of empirical evidence and theoretical reflection about the characteristics of Base of the Pyramid (BOP) clusters has persisted. Consequently, the literature still lacks a framework that incorporates the context, challenges, and dynamics encountered in such clusters. Drawing from clusters, capability accumulation, and innovation literatures, we develop a theoretical framework that provides a more fine-grained understanding of the dynamics encountered in BOP clusters, the role of support organizations, the importance of capabilities accumulation in firms, and the challenges associated with technology development and diffusion within such settings. We use case study research method conducted in a traditional granite-mining cluster in Brazil, based on 154 interviews with key informants between 1999 and 2011. Our findings suggest that BOP clusters present different dynamics when compared to clusters elsewhere, because of the existence of idiosyncrasies such as additional barriers to technology diffusion, especially when coupled with a lack of coordination and misaligned policy approaches. We contribute to the literature by arguing that the process of technology diffusion in BOP clusters is hindered by these barriers, and that technology development without wide diffusion within BOP clusters can become a source of social exclusion and wealth concentration. Moreover, in large emerging economies, global pipelines are not necessarily the only path for BOP clusters to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth, as suggested in the clusters literature.     

Older shopper types from store image factors

This study aims to characterise the older shopper by exploring unobserved heterogeneity within the segment and developing an older shopper typology from an empirically derived store image scale. Store attribute theory informed a two-stage research design. Firstly, a ‘pool’ of salient store attributes was identified through in-depth interviews. Scales were then developed and quantitatively tested using data collected through a household postal survey. Seven store image factors emerged, forming the basis of the typology. Five clusters were subsequently profiled using behavioural and demographic variables: Prudent neutrals, All-Round demanders, Reluctant casuals, Demanding sociables, and Affluent utilitarians. A discussion of the resultant classification's utility in terms of retail strategy, including opportunities for better targeting through adjustment of the retail offer, is presented. This study develops a store image scale that reflects the importance of store choice decisions of older shoppers, extending store image research by providing contemporary insights into the requirements of older shoppers in a changing retail environment.     

新中国成立60周年新疆的工业发展回顾与成就

解放前，新疆的工业几乎一片空白。新疆成立后，在国家的大力支持下，新疆工业发展从无到有、从小到大，特别是改革开放三十年，更是新疆工业发展最快、成效最好的时期。本文通过对新疆工业发展历程的回顾，阐述了新疆工业发展取得的显著成就，即逐步形成了以石油天然气开采和石油化工为主导，以纺织、轻工、建材、钢铁、电力为支柱，包含煤炭、食品、机械电子、有色金属等门类较为齐全、产品丰富、特色鲜明的较为完善的现代工业体系。     

以更新的理念与手段应对新的养老问题——广西从家庭养老向社会化养老过渡的对策研究

今后一定时期,广西总体上从传统家庭养老向现代社会化养老过渡将是大势所趋。应该在推广养老保险等社会保障体系,以及居家养老加社区服务方式的同时,结合广西区情,参考区内外的经验做法,从四个方面采取更新的对策手段:政策更新——加强政府在社会养老方面的政策倾斜与扶持力度;服务更新——建立新型职业化与义务化结合的养老服务队伍体系;产业更新——从四个主要层面发展"银发产业";观念更新——倡导适应新形势的养老新观念。     

行业商会在广东产业转移中阶段性推进作用

集体行动的逻辑在于获取最大限度的集体效率,行业商会比企业无私,比政府节约。本文通过建立阶段性推进模型,探究行业商会在广东产业转移中的推进作用,及其在四个阶段中扮演的角色。     

服务业与综合国力的关系

当今世界已经进入服务经济时代.服务经济时代的服务业就是现代服务业.现代服务业的基本特征是,先进的科学技术,丰富的文化内涵,合理的产业结构.在国民经济中,它具有经济增长力、生产推动力、产业协调力、劳动吸纳力、社会凝聚力、形象感召力、设施承载力、安全保障力,极大地提高综合国力.     

Regional and Sector-specific Determinants of Industry Dynamics and the Displacement–replacement Effects

In this paper, we empirically assess the importance of regional and sector-specific determinants of industry dynamics. To this aim we test three hypotheses (originally proposed by Shapiro and Khemani (1987, Int J Indust Organ 5:15–26)) for the relationship between the entry and exit of firms: independence, symmetry and simultaneity. Estimates from a panel data system of equations seem to confirm the simultaneity hypothesis for Spain, i.e. we find evidence of a displacement (replacement) effect between the gross rate of entry (exit) and the gross rate of exit (entry). Also, our results show that, irrespective of the hypothesis we use, both sectorial and regional variables affect entry and exit.

基于波特“钻石模型”扩展的产业集群竞争优势研究——以广东专业镇为例

本文以广东专业镇为背景,通过对波特“钻石模型”进行扩展,以描绘出产业集群的竞争优势架构。     

银行危机与政府干预——基于中国金融史的研究

当银行危机到来时,政府是否应当进行干预？政府干预对银行业会产生何种影响？这些问题在金融史研究中长期以来备受关注,且具有重要的现实意义。本文以1934年白银风潮冲击下中国大规模的银行危机为背景,对比了当时中国最大的两个金融中心上海和天津的银行业同业组织在危机中的表现,发现天津银行业同业公会成员相比于非银行同业公会的成员受到了更严重的挤兑危机,且在危机期间放款额出现了更显著的下降。而上海银行同业公会则没有受到大规模挤兑,且反而在金融危机期间扩大了信贷规模。本文认为是由于政府干预程度的不同导致了津沪两地银行同业公会的不同表现。具体机制为:其一,政府干预推动了银行业信息公开,降低了信息不对称带来的恐慌和挤兑;其二,政府干预下银行组织承担了更多的财政义务。