跨国公司在华R&D投资区位选择的实证分析

从20世纪90年代以来,跨国公司在华研发活动迅速发展,并呈现出在几大区位集中的特点。本文首先对有关国内外跨国公司R&D投资区位选择的研究进行了回顾。然后在分析和总结跨国公司在华R&D投资概况、R&D分布特征的基础上,选取了一套反映我国各地区吸引跨国公司R&D投资的指标体系,采用多元线性回归方法对各区位因素变量进行检验,从中找出了最具影响力的决定因素。最后,根据上述分析结果,在评估各地优劣势的前提下,提出了可供各地政府选择的政策框架。     

When do firms choose global cities as foreign investment locations within countries? The roles of contextual distance,knowledge intensity,and target-country experience

Foreign investors generally need to overcome a liability of foreignness stemming from contextual distance between their home country and the target country. We argue that they can limit that liability more easily by investing in a global city rather than elsewhere in the target country. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the contextual distance to a target country has a positive effect on a firm’s propensity to invest in a global city in that country. We also predict that this effect is stronger for investments in knowledge-intensive activities and weaker for investors with more target-country experience in general and target-country experience in global cities in particular. Our hypotheses receive considerable support in an analysis of 11,748 foreign greenfield investments by 1025 manufacturing and service firms during 2008–2012. Our findings suggest that global cities are superior subnational locations for gathering contextual knowledge about target countries and limiting the liability of foreignness.     

Location analysis for the modal shift of palletized building materials

At present, the distribution of palletized building materials is mostly carried out by trucks, despite their movements having negative effects on society, the economy and the environment. However, these problems can be reduced if the transport of palletized goods is shifted to inland waterways. By doing so, the goods are bundled for the main haulage by barge. In order to reduce the transport distances by truck to an absolute minimum, a possible last-mile distribution would have to be organized via a limited number of directly canal-served hubs. The locations of those hubs are crucial for the feasibility of modal shift. This study advances the transport geography literature by elaborating a location analysis model specifically for palletized goods. This model determines the optimal hub location by taking into account the large variation of origins and destinations of transport flows, while the introduction of a cost structure enables potential economic gains (cost savings) and reductions in CO₂ emissions to be calculated. The analysis is performed for transport data on palletized building materials in Belgium. Two concepts were defined, which resulted in an optimal intermodal network of 9 hubs and one with 27 hubs; through the implementation of these networks, respectively 26% and 38% of the transport flows can be shifted to the inland waterways at a profitable cost. It can be expected that over time these percentages will increase further.     

The prodigal son: does the younger brother always care for his parentsin old age?

Studies have shown that the older sibling often chooses to live away from his elderly parents intending to free ride on the care provided by the younger child. In the presented model, we incorporate income effects and depict a different pattern frequently observed in Eastern countries; that is, the older sibling lives near his or her parents and takes care of them in old age. By generalizing the existing model, we show three cases of elderly parents being looked after by (i) the older sibling, (ii) the younger sibling, and (iii) both siblings, depending on the relative magnitude of the income effect and the strategic incentive for one sibling to free ride on the other. Our study also investigates the effect of changes in relative income on the level of total care received by parents.     

Does my house have a premium or discount in relation to my neighbors? A regression-kriging approach

In the real estate literature, numerous studies have applied hedonic models to estimate the implicit value of the characteristics that influence housing prices. However, few studies have quantified the weight of location in the price of residential properties, and still fewer have quantified the premium or discount used to weigh the price of a home. In this paper, the regression-kriging method is applied to address the two previous objectives in the city of Granada, Spain. This method is also adapted, interpreted and made accessible to real estate appraisers with a view to providing these professionals with an objective, sophisticated and powerful tool in accordance with their know-how. This method can also be useful for investors, urban planners, public administrators and revenue departments, among others, as it can determine the value distribution of the location.     

The optimization model for the location of maritime emergency supplies reserve bases and the configuration of salvage vessels

This paper studies the location–allocation–configuration problem of emergency resources in a maritime emergency system and it proposes a discrete nonlinear integer-programming model, which integrates the location, allocation and the configuration problem. The model is converted into a two-stage model keeping the calculation logic. It designs a hybrid heuristic algorithm and a genetic algorithm. The test results show that the hybrid heuristic algorithm is more efficient than the genetic algorithm, the sensitivity analysis studies the influence of some parameters to the final solution and the Uncertainty–Sensitivity justification tool is used to evaluate the assumptions.     

中亚金融中心区位选择研究

近年来,基于对本地区经济、金融发展的考虑,全国30多个省市积极筹建不同层次的金融中心,特别是＂新丝绸之路经济带＂的建设更是掀起了新一轮中亚金融中心建设的热议。究竟什么样的城市具有国际金融中心的条件,本文通过对国内外有关国际金融中心研究现状的梳理及对著名的国际金融中心发展历史的归纳总结,认为经济实力、金融集聚、地理位置及政府支持是促成国际金融中心形成的最核心因素。在此基础上通过乌鲁木齐与西安的比较分析,认为乌鲁木齐更具有建设中亚金融中心的综合优势。为此,乌鲁木齐应利用＂新丝绸之路经济带＂建设的有利时机,通过建立中亚融资中心、中亚清算中心、中亚金融市场中心和中亚外汇交易中心来实现乌鲁木齐中亚金融中心的目标。     

Duopoly locations and optimal zoning in a small open city

This paper analyzes a duopoly location model with an asymmetric zoning that prohibits firms from locating to a specific interval in a small open linear city. It is shown that the maximum differentiation principle presented in d'Aspremont et al. [Econometrica 47 (1979) 1145] is still valid under area zoning regulation. Moreover, a zoning regulation can be seen as a policy instrument to limit firms' excess profits, and a proper regulation may even reduce the distortion in total transportation costs, therefore enhancing social welfare. Specifically, the optimal zoning is about 29.5 percent of the city with no amenity effect. Finally, all the land rents raised by zoning are eventually confiscated by the absentee landowner.     

用寡占反应论评析通用丰田在中国市场的“龙虎斗”

70年代美国学者尼克尔博克在研究美国企业的国际直接投资时发现,在寡占市场中,国际直接投资由竞争者的行为及其相互反应决定。这个理论仍然能很好地解释今天跨国汽车巨头通用、丰田抢占中国市场上的“龙虎斗”。     

湛江成为北部湾经济区商务中心区的研究分析

北部湾经济区作为"中国经济发展的第四增长极"是中国与东盟接轨的最快捷方便的通道。北部湾经济区在经济新形势下实现跨越式发展,有赖于湾区内各城市能够充分利用自身的区位优势和资源特点,实现经济持续快速增长。在分析湛江的区域发展情况的基础上,采用SWOT分析法探索制约其发展的因素,并提出了加速湛江经济发展的四个建议:转变发展观念,制定发展规划;利用优势,形成核心竞争力;转变政府职能,建立健全市场机制;加强区域协作,促进区域协调发展。以期湛江在北部湾经济区发挥商务中心区作用,促进北部湾经济区跨越式发展。