“两税合一”对广东省外资企业税负与利用外资的影响

我国新颁布的企业所得税法实现了内外资企业所得税税率的统一。"两税合一"的实施,将使广东外资企业的整体税负因税收优惠减少而趋于增加。但历年改革开放成果的积累及良好的区位优势,使广东在吸引外资方面仍然具备相当强的竞争优势。可以乐观地预期,"十一五"期间广东利用外资仍将持续增长,并保持在全国的领先地位,但引资格局将发生一定的变化。     

Location advantage: Emergent and guided co-evolutions

We analyze how location advantage is created and developed at the country level. We argue that location advantage can be best understood as the result of the interaction between two distinct types of co-evolutionary processes: emergent, whereby location advantage is created as the result of agglomeration dynamics in product and factor markets; and guided, whereby location advantage is created as the result of infrastructure dynamics in institutions and endowments. We illustrate empirically the application of the co-evolutionary perspective and the differences between emergent and guided co-evolutionary processes with the analysis of the development of location advantage in the Costa Rican tourism industry.     

京津第三产业分工协作特征

本文在从消费模式和劳动生产率两个方面首先对经典经济基础方法进行修正的基础上,系统分析京津两市第三产业的差别与联系,为京津发展提供依据。其主要结论：①北京第三产业总体优势明显,发挥着全国性三产服务中心的职能作用;天津在第三产业服务输出上,总体明显弱于北京,主要为大区服务。②北京以物流为基础的三产行业处于绝对劣势,或处于显著相对劣势地位;天津则是以知识为基础的服务业相对北京的劣势十分突出。相对而言,北京发挥了人流、资金流、信息流中心的作用,天津则扮演了物流中心的角色,而且这种分工在经历了八五期间之后越发明显。③京津两市联手发展的原则和方式主要为完全分工、相对分工、产业地域一体化发展。     

The economic impacts of river rehabilitation: A regional Input-Output analysis

We developed a model to predict the impacts of river rehabilitation activities on the local economy. The model is based on the Input-Output analysis technique and was applied to the planned rehabilitation project for the River Thur in northern Switzerland, along the 4 km stretch between the communities of Bürglen and Weinfelden. We estimated changes in local employment and local economic output resulting from government spending on rehabilitation, associated changes in adjacent land use, and increased recreational activity. Accounting for land use changes required a modification of the conventional Input-Output analysis technique which should be of general interest. We accounted for uncertainty in the data and in some of the model assumptions by using a probabilistic formulation and propagating uncertainty through the model equations. As time-consuming local surveys were beyond the scope of this study, we used the Location Quotient non-survey technique to construct the local technical coefficients from national data and local employment data. This implies that the model can be applied quite easily to a different study area in Switzerland as long as local employment data are available. For each CHF 1 million expenditure per year on rehabilitation activities in our study region, we estimate an extra 8 fulltime employment equivalents (standard deviation, σ = 0.4 fte) and an increased output of CHF 1.4 million (σ = CHF 0.05 million). The low uncertainty of these estimates can be partly attributed to the structure of Input-Output analysis and partly to the fact that we estimated changes in the economic output, rather than output itself. In addition to the above impacts, we estimate that increased recreational use of the area will increase output by as much as CHF 0.17 million (σ = CHF 0.12 million) and employment by as much as 1.7 fulltime employment equivalents (σ = 1.3 fte), depending on the specific rehabilitation option selected.     

Does my house have a premium or discount in relation to my neighbors? A regression-kriging approach

In the real estate literature, numerous studies have applied hedonic models to estimate the implicit value of the characteristics that influence housing prices. However, few studies have quantified the weight of location in the price of residential properties, and still fewer have quantified the premium or discount used to weigh the price of a home. In this paper, the regression-kriging method is applied to address the two previous objectives in the city of Granada, Spain. This method is also adapted, interpreted and made accessible to real estate appraisers with a view to providing these professionals with an objective, sophisticated and powerful tool in accordance with their know-how. This method can also be useful for investors, urban planners, public administrators and revenue departments, among others, as it can determine the value distribution of the location.     

When do firms choose global cities as foreign investment locations within countries? The roles of contextual distance,knowledge intensity,and target-country experience

Foreign investors generally need to overcome a liability of foreignness stemming from contextual distance between their home country and the target country. We argue that they can limit that liability more easily by investing in a global city rather than elsewhere in the target country. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the contextual distance to a target country has a positive effect on a firm’s propensity to invest in a global city in that country. We also predict that this effect is stronger for investments in knowledge-intensive activities and weaker for investors with more target-country experience in general and target-country experience in global cities in particular. Our hypotheses receive considerable support in an analysis of 11,748 foreign greenfield investments by 1025 manufacturing and service firms during 2008–2012. Our findings suggest that global cities are superior subnational locations for gathering contextual knowledge about target countries and limiting the liability of foreignness.     

日本在亚洲对外直接投资的地域分布研究

当前日本对外直接投资研究文献多侧重于跨过公司的经济动机,往往忽略了投资所在地的社会、经济以及地理等因素的综合影响。根据古典引力理论和地缘经济学中的经济潜力观点,社会、经济及地理等多种因素影响了对外直接投资决策。实证分析结果表明,若干社会及地缘经济变量能够较好地解释日本在亚洲的对外直接投资的地域分布。