Reorganizing an existing volunteer fire station network in Germany

Volunteer fire departments have been founded to ensure public safety in case of fire and to provide support for professional firefighters. Most of the current stations date back to the beginning of the 19th century. Today, volunteer fire departments face numerous challenges, such as reduced number of following young volunteers or decreasing public budgets. We quantify these effects and identify different alternatives, such as relocating or closing of stations to minimize the impact on rescue service supply. Based on comprehensive case studies in Bochum, Germany it is apparent that these recommendations provide an excellent toolset for a prospective planning approach.     

黑龙江省林业产业集群发展对策研究

本文从林业产业集群的内涵出发,通过实地调研,分析黑龙江省林业产业集群发展的现状,运用区位商法,测算黑龙江省林业产业集群水平。结果表明,黑龙江省林业第一产业和第二产业的集聚水平普遍较低,而第三产业的集聚水平却呈现明显的上升趋势。同时,林业第二产业中的林产化学产品制造业和木制品加工制造业的产业集聚效应明显,说明黑龙江省在这方面具有发展林业产业集群的潜力。从政策、资金、市场等方面分析了影响黑龙江省林业产业集群发展的因素,找出目前存在的问题,最后提出有效对策。     

我国中小商业银行转型研究——以城市商业银行和村镇银行为例

我国中小商业银行实施转型是金融市场激烈竞争、金融脱媒、利率市场化改革和银行经济资本考核趋严等多种因素综合作用的结果。中小商业银行转型的理念定位是“差异化、特色化、零售化”。以城市商业银行和村镇银行为例,诠释中小商业银行转型的理念定位,分析中小商业银行全面转型的实践经验,并给出中小商业银行理念转型、业务转型和组织转型的路径选择方向。     

Location advantage: Emergent and guided co-evolutions

We analyze how location advantage is created and developed at the country level. We argue that location advantage can be best understood as the result of the interaction between two distinct types of co-evolutionary processes: emergent, whereby location advantage is created as the result of agglomeration dynamics in product and factor markets; and guided, whereby location advantage is created as the result of infrastructure dynamics in institutions and endowments. We illustrate empirically the application of the co-evolutionary perspective and the differences between emergent and guided co-evolutionary processes with the analysis of the development of location advantage in the Costa Rican tourism industry.     

Drivers and antecedents of manufacturing offshoring and backshoring—A German perspective

Discussions on the potentials and risks of the relocation of manufacturing activities to low-wage countries have resurged in recent years in the wake of a new globalisation debate. Manufacturing offshoring has become an increasingly interesting option for firms of all sizes. Besides the chances to improve the company's cost position, the risks of production offshoring are also evident. An analysis of the manufacturing offshoring and backshoring activities of 1663 German manufacturing companies shows that production offshoring has currently lost momentum. On the other hand, backshoring of once offshored manufacturing capacities is also a quantifiable phenomenon. Every fourth to sixth offshoring activity is followed by a backshoring activity within the following 4 years, mainly due to lack of flexibility and quality problems at the foreign location. A deeper, qualitative analysis in 39 German manufacturing companies shows that not all companies do pay sufficient attention to qualitative factors crucial for success and competitive advantage in their location decisions. Thus, managerial implications for a systematic location planning process are drawn from our findings.     

产业关联效应对纺织业外资区位选择影响的实证研究

本文通过投入产出表计算出纺织业的上下游关联最密切的行业,利用广义矩估计对2001～2009年中国省际纺织业面板数据的实证研究表明:纺织业下游的服装业通过产业支持效应促进了纺织业不同来源地外资的流入;上游的化学纤维制造业对纺织业不同来源地外资的流入影响不稳健;第三产业主要通过产业替代效应限制了港澳台投资的流入,而对其他来源地外资没有影响。     

外资讨价还价能力与地区引资结构

本文在不完全契约理论基础上构建了一个开放经济垄断竞争模型,考察了外资讨价还价能力的地区差异对引资结构的影响。理论分析表明:外资讨价还价能力的提高,对于外资拥有所有权优势的行业的外资流入具有显著促进作用。在此基础上,我们利用中国2001-2007年30个省市细分行业的数据,采用动态面板方法对该结论进行了实证检验。结果显示,外资讨价还价能力的提高对人力资本、物质资本、管理和研发密集型等外资拥有所有权优势行业的外资流入有显著的促进作用。并且在控制了地理集聚、市场潜力和基础设施水平等因素后,本文的实证结果依然稳健。     

It matters where you go: Outward foreign direct investment and multinational employment growth at home

How does outward foreign direct investment (FDI) affect employment growth of the multinational corporations (MNCs) in the home country? Does the impact of outward investment differ by the level of development of the destination country of the FDI? Using a difference-in-difference approach, we assess the impact of starting to invest in less-advanced countries compared with investing in more-advanced countries. To obtain suitable control groups in each case, we use the propensity score method to select national firms that ex post did not take the investment decisions that we study even though ex ante they would have been equally likely to. We find that moving to less-advanced countries decreases a company's employment growth rate especially in the short run. On the other hand, moving to more-advanced countries does not consistently affect employment growth in any significant way. Including investment decisions of established multinationals in the estimation somewhat weakens but does not overturn this conclusion.     

浙江东部沿海城市建设用地空间结构分析

基于《中国城市建设统计年鉴(2008)》中宁波、台州和温州3市的城市建设用地数据,应用经济学区位熵、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数的方法,对浙江省东部沿海城市建设用地空间分布差异进行了定性和定量的分析。研究结果:在各类城市建设用地分布的区域优势方面,居住用地总体趋向于各县级市,工业用地、仓储用地、对外交通用地总体趋向于宁波、台州和温州的核心城区,另外,台州各地的公共设施用地、市政公用设施用地的区域优势较为明显,温州市区内道路广场用地、绿地、特殊用地的区域优势都非常明显;在城市建设用地空间分布的差异度方面,特殊用地的区域分布差距较大(其基尼系数已超过国际警戒线0.4),绿地和市政公用设施用地的分布相对合理,仓储用地分布比较平均,居住、公共设施、工业、对外交通和道路广场用地的分布都处于绝对平均水平。研究结论:城市建设用地的区域优势及空间分布特征,很好地反映了其经济、社会、人口等多个层面的发展状况。     

上海市金融服务业区位选择研究

本文探讨了上海市金融服务业办公室区位的选择,从而找出影响金融服务业空间集聚的特性,并从产业差异性、面对面信息、国际性、公司类型、设立时间等角度厘清影响金融服务业办公室区位选择的因素。实证结果表明,主要金融机构均聚集于市中心,而分支机构更倾向于向人口密集的中心城区靠拢。相对于银行业,证券业更加集中,而保险业相对分散。