社会统筹养老金供给的两难困境与政策选择

在中国养老保险制度建立与完善过程中,其主要矛盾仍然是如何筹资和如何给付的问题。社会统筹主要通过提高缴费率和扩大覆盖面两条途径来增加基金供给,而现行制度却面临着养老金供给的两难困境。一是提高缴费率增加了基金收入,但不利于经济增长与扩大覆盖面;二是不同群体实行差别费率有利于扩大覆盖面,但加剧了养老金收支的失衡。经数理模型与实证分析,社会统筹缴费率应该保持适度水平,同时应该对不同群体实行差别费率的政策进行调整,以建立养老保障的长效机制。     

一种多传感器空情信息融合算法

针对防空指挥系统快速反应决策能力要求,给出了可行的系统信息融合处理软件组成结构及功能描述,提出了一种适用于快速空情信息融合的通用信息融合处理方法和模型算法。建模过程中,提出的信息融合处理方法和模型算法将防空指挥系统信息融合的复杂过程条理化、公式化和数字化。仿真结果证明,该方法是正确和有效的。目前,该方法已应用到实际工程中。     

Semantic Differential as an Assessment Tool of （Dis） Advantages of QMS in the Light of Accredited Certification in Poland

This article is a continuation of the issue in the field of assessment of （dis）advantages resulting from the implementation of the quality management systems （QMS） in a structure of the organization. The publication uses the results of studies conducted in the range of assessment＇s information completeness provided by the certification bodies （CBs） in the context of advantages and disadvantages of the QMS implementation in accordance with PN-EN ISO 9001. In addition, an attempt to define a tool for the QMS assessment of （dis）advantages in the organization has been made. The basis for empirical analysis of the issue was the information provided by an accredited management systems CBs recommended by the Polish Centre for Accreditation （PCA）. There are 33 units in Poland, which were granted by PCA with the accreditation within the range of ISO 9001：2008. In the first stage of the research work, a substantive analysis of websites content among mentioned CBs has been carried out. In addition, the paper proposes use of semantic differential method （SD） to evaluate （dis）advantages of the QMS. SD adaptation for the assessment of the QMS （dis）advantages is the authorial concept. The authors hope for polemic in this area. In the face of obtained results, an authorial SD construction has been proposed, which is useful and may help in the formulation and conveying of the relevant （reliable） information to potential clients in the range of （dis）advantages resulting from the QMS implementation to the organization. As a consequence, the recommendations have been set, which are kind of guidelines that could significantly influence the realignment of the information state conveyed on the internet by the CBs.     

公平关切下闭环供应链差别定价决策

针对零售商和第三方回收商具有公平关切的情形,研究由制造商主导的三级供应链成员及整个系统的差别定价最优决策。分析了零售商以及第三方回收商公平中性和公平关切两种情形的决策模型。研究发现:零售商以及第三方回收商的公平关切行为最终会造成各自利润的损失,并且对整条供应链利润也是不利的,而这样的公平关切行为对制造商来说却是有利的。同时当公平关切程度较弱时,对整条闭环供应链系统是不利的;而当公平关切程度较强时,对整条闭环供应链系统是有利的。     

渐进式差异化退休年龄的决定机制、经验借鉴与政策建议

退休年龄本质上是劳动者在职期间的劳动贡献与退休后所享福利之间的均衡。公平、合理、科学的确定退休年龄,对劳动者在生命周期不同阶段(在职期间与退休之后)的福利具有十分重要的影响。借鉴我国台湾地区经验,结合大陆实际,以工作年限为基础,采用渐进式、差异化的退休年龄政策,即采取"95(99)=标准退休年龄+工作年限"的思路,在"95制"、"96制"、"97制"、"98制"和"99制"五个方案进行优选渐进,对不同类型劳动者(工种、受教育程度、性别等)应采取差异化的退休年龄政策。     

Optimal investment of an insurer with regime-switching and risk constraint

We investigate an optimal investment problem of an insurance company in the presence of risk constraint and regime-switching using a game theoretic approach. A dynamic risk constraint is considered where we constrain the uncertainty aversion to the ‘true’ model for financial risk at a given level. We describe the surplus of an insurance company using a general jump process, namely, a Markov-modulated random measure. The insurance company invests the surplus in a risky financial asset whose dynamics are modeled by a regime-switching geometric Brownian motion. To incorporate model uncertainty, we consider a robust approach, where a family of probability measures is cosidered and the insurance company maximizes the expected utility of terminal wealth in the ‘worst-case’ probability scenario. The optimal investment problem is then formulated as a constrained two-player, zero-sum, stochastic differential game between the insurance company and the market. Different from the other works in the literature, our technique is to transform the problem into a deterministic differential game first, in order to obtain the optimal strategy of the game problem explicitly.     

日本渔业协同组合合并效果分析

渔业协同组合制度是日本渔业管理制度的重要基石之一,但由于历史的原因,其在发展过程中经历了艰难的历程.论文针对日本渔业协同组合自1960年开始实施的一项重要措施——渔业协同组合合并制度,试图从渔业协同组合的组织基础和经营的损益状况等视角,尝试对日本渔协合并的政策效果进行评价,以期得到一些有益的启示与借鉴.     

农民工失业保险制度创新研究

我国农民工失业保险存在的最显著特征是徼费率低,待遇水平低。其根本原因在于制度的缺失,关键原因是自身综合竞争力低,直接原因是政府支持力度不够,应该根据农民工对失业保险不同层次的需求构建梯度缴费和差别待遇的分档缴费模式。建立梯度缴费率和有差别的失业保险支付待遇模式,可以扩大农民工失业保险选择的范围,提高农民工的参保积极性,短期可以＂低门槛进入＂,长期可以实现农民工失业保险制度和城镇企业职工失业保险制度的＂稳定并轨＂。     

山西省旅游产业关联性实证分析

本文在对旅游特定产业与非特定产业进行界定的基础上,采用山西省旅游局、山西省统计局合作编制的山西旅游卫星账户中的数据,按照公式从消耗系数、分配系数、联系深度系数三方面对山西旅游产业的关联性进行实证分析,最终根据分析结果提出相应的政策建议。     

国家法规视阈下的行业协会——概念界定和法规演变

我国行业协会作为连接政府与企业必不可少的桥梁和纽带,在当今社会发展中发挥着日益重要的作用.行业协会的定义五花八门,从我国现有的相关法律法规视阈下对行业协会进行界定则有助于更好地认识行业协会的本质特征及其在经济社会发展中所扮演的角色.另外,建国以来,我国行业协会相关法律法规的发展从探索到日渐成熟大致经历了四个阶段,厘清其法律法规演变的不同阶段更可以帮助我们预见行业协会的发展未来并得出一些重要的启示.