Researching the future of purchasing and supply management: The purpose and potential of scenarios

Drawing on prior research, the value of scenario planning as a methodology for researching the future of purchasing and supply management (PSM) is explored. Using three criteria of research quality – rigour, originality and significance – it is shown how developing scenarios and analysing their implications present new, important research opportunities for PSM academics, practitioners, and leaders of the profession. Researching the future of PSM supports the identification of uncertainties and anticipates change across many units and levels of analysis of interest to PSM scholars and practitioners, such as the profession/discipline, markets/sectors, or organisations. Scenarios are particularly effective for: considering how the complex interaction of macro-environmental factors affects the PSM context; avoiding incremental thinking; surfacing assumptions and revealing significant blind spots. PSM research using scenarios aligns with Corley and Gioia's (2011) call for prescience-oriented research in which academics aim for more impactful research, enhancing sense-giving potential and theoretical relevance to practice, to better perform their adaptive role in society.     

基于两步分布协同拍卖的多机协同任务分配

针对多异构机载平台对不同类型的地面目标执行攻击任务的协同任务分配问题，以平台载弹量以及摧毁任务目标的需弹量建立平台与任务之间的关系，以各平台的任务序列以及执行任务时的武器使用量序列作为决策变量，在基地-任务航路矩阵和任务-任务航路矩阵的基础上，综合考虑平台武器约束、平台航程约束、任务需弹量等约束，建立多机协同任务分配模型。设计了两步分布协同拍卖算法，通过多次生成任务的拍卖招标顺序和基地的拍卖竞标顺序，实现了多机协同任务分配问题的优化求解。仿真结果表明，所建模型和求解算法能够有效合理地解决多机协同对地攻击的任务分配问题。     

New development: Between politics and strategic planning—the management of government priorities in Lithuania

ABSTRACT

How do political agendas impact on strategic planning practices? This article shows that recent changes to the framework for managing government priorities have made Lithuania’s strategic planning system more politically responsive by mobilizing political attention, leadership and state funding to major government commitments. However, these changes have not yet translated into any longer term outcomes because policy implementation practices did not change very much.     

国标编制相关的城市公园绿地主要规划 指标研究

公园绿地是城市人居环境建设的重要生态基础设 施。在参与国家《城市绿地规划标准》的编制过程中，通过 对159个中国城市(含港澳台地区)主要公园类型发展现状的大 样本数据分析，提炼相关的城市公园建设主要规划指标，包 括公园绿地的面积规模、绿地率和功能分区。研究表明：我 国城市综合公园的建设规模多为10~50hm2，社区公园多为 0.1~5hm2；综合公园的绿地率平均值为75%左右，社区公园 绿地率平均值为65%左右。综合公园需具备儿童游戏、休闲游 憩、运动康体和文化科普4项基本功能，兼容园务管理、演艺 娱乐与商业服务等配套功能。社区公园需具备儿童游戏和休闲 游憩2项基本功能，兼容运动康体和文化科普等辅助功能。合 理地确定城市公园绿地的规划指标，有利于我国城市绿地规划 理论与实践走上科学化、法制化、规范化的发展轨道。     

Reterritorialization practices and strategies of campesinos in the urban frontier of Bogotá, Colombia

Much of the research on urbanization has focused on how rural populations move to cities for work opportunities. This paper takes a different perspective on the relations between rural populations and urbanization. The livelihoods of rural dwellers on the outskirts of the city of Bogotá in Colombia are increasingly affected by the expansion of urban activities and infrastructure. Therefore, urbanization takes place in the areas of residence of the rural populations; these people do not migrate to the city but, rather, the city migrates to them. Consequently, rural ways of life face growing competition from the production of commodities and services on the urban-rural fringe, including quarrying and landfills serving the needs of industries and urban populations. We explore how rural populations and their livelihoods have transformed as a response to these urban dynamics and the expansion of the city. We focus on the strategies that the rural populations employ to deal with the physical and socio-ecological impacts of this change. The defense of peri-urban livelihoods through these strategies is simultaneously social and spatial and has been partially successful. However, increasing social and environmental inequality, including worsening access to land, water and vital ecological functions, tends to lead to a general reduction in the quality of life in the urban frontier.     

新时期中国城市绿地管理方式的现状、 问题及建议

当前中国城市绿地资源日益丰富，绿地建设由单纯 的规模扩张转向扩容提质并举的新时期，城市绿地发展开始向 提升城市生态文明、改善居民生活质量的目标转变。在全面分 析了当前我国现行绿地管理中城市绿线划定、行业指标管理、 绿地系统规划、遥感调查与测评几种常用方式方法的现状、问 题及彼此的耦合关系之后，进一步提出我国城市绿地管控需首 要解决城市绿地资源价值化评估的关键科学问题，同时提出城 市绿地管控需结合大数据向精细化和智慧化发展，行业指标体 系需进一步从空间和指标内涵上进行扩充等具体建议，为切实 提升我国城市绿地管理水平提供重要参考。     

城市街区形态对PM10、PM2.5的影响 研究——以武汉为例

构成城市肌理的普遍街区的空间形态与颗粒物浓度 存在显著差异。基于武汉市18个空气质量监测点的PM10、 PM2.5数据与二维、三维街区形态指标，揭示不同街区形态 与PM10、PM2.5之间的深层关系规律，以期为城市规划管控 提供参考。双变量相关分析与一元回归分析揭示了街区形态 与PM10、PM2.5的相关性及其影响规律，多元线性回归分 析揭示不同街区形态对PM10、PM2.5变化的贡献度。结果表 明，街区之间的平均PM10、PM2.5浓度分别在城市平均水平 55%~106%、59%~117%之间浮动，绿化覆盖率、道路面 积率和相对高程对PM10、PM2.5具有显著影响，相对高程与 绿化覆盖率对PM10变化的贡献度达83.0%，绿化覆盖率对 PM2.5变化的贡献度达72.5%，道路面积率对PM10、PM2.5 变化的贡献度分别为17.0%、27.5%。     

The significance of different realms of value for agricultural land in Sweden

The demand for additional agricultural land is expected to rise by approximately 50 per cent by 2050 on a global level, and agricultural land of high quality needs to be preserved to ensure future food security. However, agricultural land per capita is decreasing. One of the main reasons for this in the EU and globally is the building of houses or infrastructure on agricultural land. There is a possibility that the Swedish agricultural sector will grow in the future and supply more regions than its own territory with food due to, e.g., climate change. Although appropriate regulations exist to support local decision makers in protecting agricultural land in Sweden, the potential to provide such protection is not fully utilised. This paper aims to contribute to explaining why Swedish municipalities build on agricultural land through an analysis of the values behind the arguments for preserving and exploiting agricultural land at the municipal level and the implications of these values for the preservation of agricultural land in Sweden. Assuming value pluralism, we analyse 30 municipal comprehensive plans through a framework of nine realms of value. We find that municipalities deploy at least eight of the nine realms of value to motivate the preservation of agricultural land, but the economic realm is more dominant among arguments to exploit agricultural land. Most plans do not consider food security. Municipalities could become better prepared to handle unexpected events if they worked with longer-term future scenarios. Further research is needed regarding how different values are weighed against each other in actual exploitation issues.     

Towards an understanding of proactive upzoning globally and in South Africa

Upzoning typically occurs as a passive process whereby landowners approach the municipality for a change of rights. Proactive upzoning, where a municipality takes the initiative to increase the rights assigned to land in its jurisdiction, can be a powerful tool to encourage development to occur in line with municipal policies. This paper firstly describes the various approaches used to achieve proactive upzoning. The focus then shifts to understanding examples of proactive upzoning in South(ern) Africa, which provide examples of policy transfer of ideas, primarily from the Northern into a Southern context. Four key lessons are identified from this discussion. Firstly, proactive upzoning can affect the poor negatively or positively, depending on the design of the initiative. Secondly, from South African experience, it is clear that there is a danger of proactive upzoning examples from the North being copied almost verbatim and applied in a Southern context, despite the considerable differences in context. Thirdly, there is a need to ensure that initiatives are in line with market dynamics, to avoid ‘wasted’ infrastructure investment. Fourthly, proactive upzoning often just considers zoning schemes’ rights, whereas the land development process can face a slew of regulatory constraints beyond the zoning scheme.