农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移的社会保障机制研究

我国农村剩余劳动力已成为"三农"问题的症结所在。大量农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移成为城镇中的农民工,他们是城市文明和工业文明的重要贡献者,但目前却无法与城市居民享受同等的社会福利和保障,这反映出我国现行社会保障机制的滞后,从而带来了诸如影响社会稳定、不利于建立城乡统一和开放的劳动力市场等问题。因此,应从建立多层次农民工社会保障制度、扩大资金来源、加大政府投入、加强相关法律与制度的建设与监督等方面着手,以完善农村剩余劳动力城镇转移社会保障运作机制。     

科学人才观视角下惠州市高技能人才培养的SWOT分析

随着惠州市加快进入珠三角第二梯队,高技能人才在提高区域核心竞争力和促进产业转型升级等方面发挥着重要作用,但由于高技能人才培养与社会经济转型期的需求仍存在较大差距,制约地方经济的可持续发展。采取SWOT分析法对惠州高技能人才培养进行系统扫描,并在此基础上,给出惠州市高技能人才培养的主要建议。     

北京市农业转移劳动力工资差异及变化——从工作经验到工作岗位

[目的]基于实证分析,探究农业转移劳动力工资的影响因素、工资差异的来源及其动态变化,以期为微观农业转移劳动力实现市民化提供科学参考。[方法]文章以2007—2017年北京市农业转移劳动力调研数据,通过多元回归、明瑟方程和基尼系数分解法、泰尔指数分解法,对农业转移劳动力工资的影响因素和工资差异进行分析。[结果](1)性别、教育程度、所属行业、工作岗位、工作经验是影响工资的主要因素;(2)工作岗位、所属行业、工作经验是工资差异的主要来源;(3) 2007—2017年10年来工资差异最重要的来源已从工作经验转变为工作岗位;且人力资本变量中工作经验对工资的影响高于教育年数,但教育的影响呈上升趋势。[结论]提出农业转移劳动力行动路径和政府政策建议:农业转移劳动力需努力提高自身素质、当前积极积累专业工作经验、有针对性参加培训、长期则需提高教育水平;政府应坚持市场化、工作设计多样化、规范收入分配、提供技能和学历教育平台。     

我国农民收入增幅减缓的症结:剩余农业劳动力转移受阻

近年来我国农民收入增幅持续下降的深层原因,在于剩余农业劳动力转移严重受阻。而我国剩余农业劳动力转移的艰巨性,在相当程度上又是和我国所选择的超前工业化发展战略,以及与其相互依存的城乡二元经济社会结构联结在一起。要有效地解决我国剩余农业劳动力的转移,就必须遵循社会经济发展的一般规律,最大限度地发挥市场化、工业化和城市化对剩余农业劳动力转移的推动作用。     

Another Nail in the Coffin? Or Can the Trade Based Explanation of Changing Skill Structures Be Resurrected?

The skill structure of wages and employment has altered markedly in recent years. In some countries (most notably the UK and the US) wage inequality has risen sharply and in most countries relative demand has shifted unfavourably against the less skilled. In this paper we reassess the evidence that rising international competition from developing countries is the crucial factor underpinning these changes. Our results, based on newly constructed internationally comparable industry data, find little support for the predictions of the basic Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) trade model.
JEL classification: J 31; F 14     

Skilled maintenance trades under lean manufacturing: Evidence from the car industry

This article explores how skilled maintenance trades have fared under lean automotive manufacturing, a cohort of workers relatively neglected in the literature. Historically, such trades possessed a distinct ‘craft consciousness’ derived from apprenticed-acquired skill, autonomy in job execution, strict job boundaries and relative occupational status and prestige. The article assesses how lean has impacted this craft tradition over time, drawing on a case study of one UK car plant to assess its trajectory across three decades. Four different skilled cohorts—electrical, mechanical, control engineers and die maintenance fitters—are examined to gauge respective trends in skill, autonomy, demarcation and status. While the study finds variation in experiences across different trades, the general trend points to a deterioration in work conditions on all four benchmarks of assessment. The article concludes by inferring implications for the future trajectory of skilled trades considering recent accounts provided in Industry 4.0 narratives.