平顶山市休闲农业不同区域的发展潜力评价

[目的]对平顶山市休闲农业的空间分布特征及其发展潜力进行分析和评价,以期为平顶山市休闲农业的可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。[方法]文章对平顶山市休闲农业空间布局分区论述,并采用层次分析法构建平顶山市休闲农业发展潜力指标评价体系,确定指标权重,然后根据各指标的游客和当地农民的打分值与权重值加权计算不同区域的发展潜力指数并比较发展潜力大小。[结果]根据区域位置和地理环境以及休闲农业发展速度,将平顶山市休闲农业划分为北部山区休闲农业区、东部城乡休闲农业区、南部现代休闲农业区和西部傍水休闲农业区4个区域,各区域发展特点突出。对各指标权重值与打分值的加权求和计算得到的不同区域发展潜力指数看出,西部傍水休闲农业区的发展潜力最大,其次为北部山区休闲农业区,再者是南部现代休闲农业区,东部城郊休闲农业区的发展潜力最小。[结论]平顶山市休闲农业发展前景广阔,具有可持续发展的巨大潜力。由于地理区位和交通基础设施建设及环境条件和农业基础的差异,平顶山市的休闲农业可分为东西南北4个发展区域,其中西部傍水休闲农业区和北部山区休闲农业区具有较大的发展潜力,平顶山市可将其作为重点发展对象,重点打造水岸和山村休闲农业游,借助发展优势突出区域特色。     

我国区域农业生态文明及其协调度的时空分异研究——以典型省份为例

农业生态文明是我国生态文明建设的重要组成部分。由于我国区域自然生态条件、社会经济发展水平差异明显,农业生态文明的各项支撑要素也存在显著差异。文章在构建我国农业生态文明指数评价指标体系的基础上,基于离差系数原理构建区域农业生态文明协调度评价模型,选取黑龙江、河南、四川作为典型区域,运用2007~2013年统计数据,对3个省的农业生态文明指数及其协调度进行评价,并分析其各子系统支撑作用的演化特征。研究认为,我国开展生态文明建设以来,3个典型省农业生态文明指数及协调度均得到了显著提升,且均已先后进入"良好协调"阶段,但农业生态文明各子系统支撑作用演化的时空分异明显。因此,在推进农业生态文明建设过程中,应充分认识不同区域的发展水平、优势条件及薄弱环节,把握发展规律与特点,因地制宜、因区施策,提高农业产业发展与资源环境、社会经济条件的匹配度,改善和提升农业供给侧水平。     

扬州市生态农业发展评价及预测研究

［目的］农业是国民经济的基础产业，发展生态农业是实现农业经济稳步增长的重要途径，也是我国发展现代农业的战略选择。对生态农业的现状进行评估，以期以此为依据为今后的发展提供可行性建议。［方法］文章研究从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益3个方面构建了包含14个指标在内的扬州市生态农业发展评价指标体系，并采用熵权法和加权法综合评定2011—2016年该市生态农业发展的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益及综合效益得分，在此基础上采用GM（1， 1）灰色模型对2018—2027年扬州市生态农业的发展程度进行了预测。［结果］2011—2016年扬州市生态农业发展的社会效益呈持续增长态势， 2011—2015年经济效益呈上升趋势， 2016年经济效益明显下降。生态效益分别在2012年和2016年出现两次波动。总体来看， 2012—2015年扬州市生态农业发展的综合效益逐年递增， 2016年由于经济效益的急剧降低，导致综合效益下降。2018—2027年该市生态农业的发展水平一直保持可持续状态，且发展度在逐年递增。［结论］扬州市在今后的发展过程中应注重转变生产方式，积极调整农业生产模式，努力实现农产品的集约化生产。注重环境保护，实现化肥农药使用量零增长，达到经济效益与社会效益和生态效益协调增长。     

The organisation of urban agriculture in Cape Town,South Africa: A social capital perspective

This article explores urban agriculture in Cape Town and its organisational forms. Based on a literature review of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, it examines the state of linkages among urban farmers and various supporting organisations of urban agriculture. Moreover, it examines the coordination of activities among key supporting organisations. By analysing the roles of state and non-state actors and linkages, the article discusses implications for the development of urban agriculture. This article suggests that a lack of effective coordination of initiatives among supporting actors presents a significant pitfall in the development of urban agriculture. Furthermore, the failure of farmers to self-organise is identified as equally detrimental. Therefore, it calls for improved synergies between state and non-state actors involved to ensure that the gains of urban agriculture are enhanced.     

基于物联网技术平台的O2O商业模式研究

在国家大力推进产业结构调整、信息化的压力下,物联网技术和O2O商业模式作为信息时代的新型生产力,在国内的普及率并不高。本文运用案例分析的方法通过研究大学生创业项目引入O2O商业模式的概念,并与物联网技术有机结合,把握两者之间优势互补的关系,提出两者创新应用,同时从商业模式构成要素的角度对该模式进行系统、深入分析,为中国现代农业信息化建设和结构调整提供了新思路。     

休闲农业资源效益评价与利用途径

随着我国产业结构的不断调整,休闲农业将农业与旅游业相互结合,为农业现代化发展提供一种新型农业发展模式。文章采用赋值分析法对休闲农业资源的影响因素进行细致分类,并采用定性及定量标准对休闲农业资源进行系统评价。研究发现,目前我国休闲农业资源有待进一步提升的影响因素有:农业资源种类、空气质量、文化底蕴等自然因素;生态环境对农业资源影响较大的有住宿条件、购物条件以及交通运输条件等客观因素。同时,该文还提出加大科技投入、进行农业产业结构调整、注重生态环境保护等具体措施,以期在一定程度上促进我国休闲农业资源的合理开发并最终促进我国休闲农业资源产业的可持续发展。     

Economic impacts of smallholder farmers’ adoption of drought-tolerant maize varieties

Drought and high temperatures are major threats to sustainable food production and consequently the livelihoods of the majority of Africans who depend on fragile agricultural systems. As a response to these threats, climate-smart agricultural technologies, such as drought-tolerant maize (DTM) varieties, have been developed and promoted on the continent. It is well-known that the adoption of improved technologies generally impacts positively on the wellbeing of adopters. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the impact of any technology or intervention is always an empirical question. Therefore, this study sought to determine the factors that influence the adoption of DTM and subsequently estimate how yield, commercialization intensity, and farm income are affected by adoption. To establish causation, we relied on observations from 200 farm households in the Northern Region of Ghana and estimated an instrumental variable regression. Consistent with findings reported in the literature, we found that DTM adoption is primarily driven by access to seed, extension service, labor availability, and location of farm households. In addition, we found that DTM adoption positively impacts on yield and commercialization intensity. The magnitude of impact is not trivial. For example, the yield of farm households increased by more than 150% (936 kg/ha) following DTM adoption. These results imply that policy-makers and development practitioners must support research and promotion of climate-smart agriculture to improve adoption and welfare indicators, such as yield and commercialization.     

Adoption of precision farming tools: A context-related analysis

This paper deals with precision farming tools (PFTs), a way of farming which relies on specialized equipment, software and information technologies services, whose importance is underlined in recent documents of the European Union. Precision farming is an integrated and sustainable farm management system making use of modern technologies to increase farm’s profitability, by reducing environmental impact. In this paper we explore the complex mechanisms that affect PFT’s adoption by Italian farmers. More precisely, we try to analyse the context-related factors affecting adoption of PFTs in the Italian farms.Little research has been carried out in Italy on this topic, therefore our paper tries to fill a gap in literature. In order to investigate the process of technology adoption related to precision agriculture, a questionnaire was submitted to a sample of Italian farms. The questionnaire has been structured in order to apply the AKAP (Awareness, Knowledge, Adoption, Product) sequence. Our analysis underlines that context-related factors are fundamental dimensions to be explored in order to specify uptake of PFTs. Therefore, the paper has relevant policy implications, within the context of a new participatory approach to agricultural innovation characterized by bottom-up processes boosted by farmers, which has informed the recent policies of agricultural innovation at the EU level.