Evaluating environmental and social performance of large Portuguese companies: a balanced scorecard approach

A thematic balanced scorecard format was used to address environmental and social performance evaluation of 13 large companies operating in Portugal. Financial aspects of environmental and social company activities are also included. Companies were categorized as to their actual performance status using a predefined performance framework. Three categories were found: compliance with the law while emphasizing pollution control, pollution prevention and eco‐efficiency. Management tools and procedural matters were found to be most relevant for categorization. Often, reported information did not allow for quantitative evaluation of environmental burden reduction. Use of the thematic balanced scorecard format was useful to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of links between objectives and measurements, initiatives and achievements. Improvement as to environmental performance was found to be paralleled by increased social performance, suggesting that a multi‐level ‘sustainability’ performance categorization of these Portuguese companies is feasible. Driving forces for environmental management initiatives were found to differ by category of performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

企业成长理论与我国旅游企业并购的路径策略

文章运用新古典经济学和新制度经济学的企业成长理论以及企业内在成长理论,分析了企业成长与企业并购路径之间的内在联系,并从企业成长的角度对我国旅游企业并购提出了四大路径策略。     

天津市农村生态经济问题与思考

本文以天津农村为例,从农村生产、需求、生态三结构的协调发展;农村生态经济数量、质量、效益三结构的协调统一;农村生态经济系统中物流、能流与信息流、价值流的协调促进以及农村经济与环境协调发展的政策等四个方面指出当前存在的问题,提高调整的方向和有关政策思考。     

科技对农民增收贡献的实证研究——以苏州农村为例

本文首先应用苏州实际GNP、资本存量、劳动力的序列数据直观分析了农民收入的趋势和源泉．在此基础上应用C-D生产函数建立农民收入的计量经济学模型，并估计出各要素的边际产出弹性，随后进一步应用索洛余值法估计科技进步对农民收入增长的贡献．并对计量结果进行了简要的理论分析．并据此提出了相应的结论。     

资源逼迫与经济增长模式提升

本文指出,马克思笔下的由粗放经营向集约经营的转化,彭慕兰所阐述的18世纪之后西欧与东亚经济发展的大相径庭,以及迈克尔·波特所讲的一些自然资源短缺的国家,反倒在更高的层次上经济发展良好的事实,都是因为在资源逼迫之下选择了具有创新功能的、高技术含量的经济增长模式。文章强调,具有创新功能的、高技术含量的经济增长模式的选择,除了资源逼迫之外,还必须具有能够激励创新的制度安排,并为此进行了历史上西欧和东亚的对照分析。论文所阐述的观点对我国当代经济发展极具现实意义:我国经济发达地区,不应当陶醉于传统的比较优势,而应当适时地提升经济增长模式,增强国际竞争力。论文还探讨了在我国适时提升经济增长模式的制度安排及与此相关的改革。     

经济增长:资源、环境和极限问题的理论争论与人类面临的选择

在人类社会不同的发展阶段中，人与自然的关系是不尽相同的。工业化早期阶段所带来的种种破坏性后果，引发了人们时生态与环境问题的严重关切。1972年《增长的极限》一书所引起的世界性的争论，使人们认识到生态的承载力是有限的，资源的数量也是有限的。从长远来看，科技进步能不断发现新的能源与资源，但在每一个特定的人类社会阶段，能源与资源危机总是人类必须面对的严峻挑战。改变旧的经济增长模式．探索新的经济增长模式，是可持续发展的核心内容。     

Sunspots and Hopf bifurcations in continuous time endogenous growth models

First we treat a three-dimensional continuous time abstract stationary model that includes one predetermined variable and two non-predetermined variables. We construct stationary sunspot equilibria in this model under the following two alternative conditions: (i) a steady state has two stable roots and one unstable root; and (ii) A closed orbit has a two-dimensional manifold on which it is asymptotically stable. Next, we apply these results to the models due to Lucas and Romer that undergo Hopf bifurcations for some parameter values. We construct sunspot equilibria in these models.     

对我国“经济高增长与高失业并存”现象的思考

近几年我国经济持续高速的增长同时,失业率也在迅速攀升。这一问题是有悖于国际上经济增长的通常经验的,也与传统经济学理论有所矛盾。在对形成这一矛盾现象的原因进行研究的基础上,指出其原因在于我国过去经济增长采用的是传统的、粗放型的经济增长模式,造成了巨大的潜在效率损失。为了有效地解决这一问题,就必须转变经济增长方式,通过技术进步和制度性的改革来有效地提高经济效率。     

Challenge Facing China＇s Economic Growth in Its Aging but not Affluent Era

I. Introduction As a result of the strictly implemented one-child policy, China has completed a demographic transition within approximately 20 years, a very short period of time when compared to most developed countries. As a continuation of the first stage of transition from high death rate, high birth rate and low growth rate to low death rate, high birth rate and high growth rate, which was completed in the 1950s, the second stage of transition from low death rate, high birth rate and high …     

完善我国产品责任法律制度的思考

结合我国产品责任法存在的不足，并借鉴国外的成功经验，从产品概念、产品范围、归责原则、损害赔偿、法定免责规定、构建严格意义产品责任法、产品责任诉讼制度等几个方面，对完善我国产品责任法律制度进行了探讨。