目标市场负向需求冲击影响企业跨国并购的机理与实证*

本文对目标市场负向需求冲击对中国企业跨国并购的影响进行了理论和实证分析。研究发现：第一,目标市场负向需求冲击与跨国并购发生的概率呈正相关关系;第二,目标企业的选择要么是生产成本最高的企业,要么是生产成本最低的企业。最后,本文依据核心结论提出政策建议。     

基于供给侧的承包经营权抵押贷款需求与可获性研究——以常州市武进区为例

以全国农村改革试验区的新型农业经营主体作为研究对象,以多项Probit模型估计作为主要研究方法,对承包经营权抵押贷款需求与可获性的影响因素、存在联系进行分析。研究结果表明：目前的农地承包经营权抵押贷款存在着处于制度探索阶段的内部微观供求结构错位和外部宏观供求平衡特征的小范围均衡。无论是需求还是可获性都受经营者教育水平、家庭年总收入和土地规模的影响,人们可以从这三方面入手进一步实现需求与可获性的均衡。最后,基于供给侧结构性改革思路为经营权抵押的改革试验提出了针对性的政策建议。     

Don't change my towels please: Factors influencing participation in towel reuse programs

Towel reuse is the flagship of hotel environmental practices. This paper examines the effects of consumer demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics influencing a two-stage decision making process including participation and support to a towel reuse program. A meta-analysis shows that 53% of customers are willing to financially support green hotels. A survey of 1304 Greek and foreign hotel customers in tourism hot spots in Greece reveals that 72% of hotel customers would adopt a towel reuse program while 44.1% are willing to pay extra an average of 2.15 euros per day to support it. Younger customers and customers that book high-priced hotels or with higher length of stay exhibit higher willingness to pay extra for towel reuse programs. As rising water and energy shortages in specific tourism hotspots bring hotels' environmental integration under increased scrutiny, the focal findings hold significant implications for hotel managers and tourism policy makers.     

人民币均衡汇率错位对进出口的影响——基于协整理论和二元选择模型的实证分析

本文基于协整理论,运用单位根检验、二步法、误差修正模型和二元选择Probit和Logit模型,对人民币均衡汇率错位对进、出口的影响进行了实证分析。本文的创新之处：在模型中引入了反映我国“二元经济结构”特征的三个控制变量——工农业对GDP的贡献度之差,城乡居民家庭恩格尔系数之差,第一产业和第二产业人口构成之差参与回归检验,显著性很强,使得模型更可信和稳定。结论表明：人民币均衡汇率错位对进、出口均有不同程度的负面影响,对进口的负面影响稍大于出口;人民币均衡汇率错位对进口向长期均衡水平的调整比出口更加有利;人民币均衡汇率高估错位幅度越大,越有利于进口;低估错位幅度越大,越有利于出口。     

农户过量施肥风险认知及环境友好型技术采纳行为的影响因素分析*——基于四川省380个柑橘种植户的调查

[目的]化肥过量使用造成的污染,已成为制约我国农业和农村可持续发展的重要因素,如何科学合理施肥,提高化肥利用效率已成为我国急需解决的问题。[方法]文章利用四川省12个区县380户柑橘种植户的实地调研数据,运用双变量Probit模型分析柑橘种植户过量施肥风险认知与环境友好型技术采纳行为的影响因素。[结果]柑橘种植农户对过量施肥风险的认知和测土配方技术采纳行为之间存在相关性;文化程度高、柑橘种植收入占家庭总收入的比例大、种植面积大、种植年限长、对"三品"农产品的认知水平高和接受过技术培训的柑橘农户,对过量施肥风险存在一定的认知;在具备上述特征的基础上,外出务工劳动力占比低的农户和新型经营主体更愿意采纳测土配方施肥技术。[结论]通过校地合作、"三品"认证、市场规范、制定生产标准等措施,提高柑橘种植户过量施肥风险认知,促使测土配方施肥技术的采纳,合理施肥,提高化肥利用率,促进我国农业可持续发展。     

偏远地区农户宅基地退出影响因素与退出路径衔接*——以新疆玛纳斯县为例

[目的]为研究农户宅基地退出影响因素在经济不发达的偏远地区的特殊性。[方法]文章通过对新疆玛纳斯县农户进行入户问卷调查,选取玛纳斯县两镇四乡作为样本区,从农户个体特征、家庭特征、宅基地资源禀赋与政策认知程度方面提出3个假设,采用Probit回归模型分析农户宅基地退出意愿影响因素的显著性,验证假设并分析其缘由。[结果]族别、家庭职业类型、宅基地拥有的数量和多余宅基地处置方式与农民退出宅基地发生概率成正向变动关系,受教育程度、宅基地使用年限、有无证书、无证书的原因、宅基地预期估算价值和交通便利情况对宅基地退出意愿有负向影响的作用,宅基地资源禀赋和政策认知程度较农户个体特征和家庭特征对农户退出意愿有显著影响。[结论]对于偏远地区宅基地退出实施前需先进行政策宣讲与流程介绍,消除不同产权主体对政策的认知偏差;宅基地退出前后各相关部门要做好工作衔接,保障宅基地退出资金来源并建立多元化退出补偿方式,落实宅基地退出后各方面保障等策略,从而驱动宅基地科学、合理、有序退出政策的谨慎推广实施。     

内蒙古集体林权制度改革后农户收入变化影响因素分析

从农户角度出发,研究内蒙古集体林权制度改革后农户收入变化。根据实地调查获得的相关数据,运用Probit模型进行实证分析,分析各主要影响因素对农户收入变化的作用方向和影响程度。根据Probit模型的回归结果发现:林地块数、家庭人均年纯收入、是否有林权证、是否有林下种植和林下养殖、是否有木材采伐等影响因素对集体林权制度改革后农户收入变化的作用效果较为显著。在此基础上,提出林业相关部门要全面落实林权证发放工作、全面落实林改配套改革的实施、鼓励农户积极发展林下经济、加大最新林业政策的宣传力度、加强林业基础设施的建设等建议。     

农村宅基地流转的障碍因素分析——以重庆市璧山县为例

农村宅基地流转对于农民致富、统筹城乡发展、加快农村劳动力转移有着重大意义。本文以重庆市璧山县为例,在对2个街道办事处3个镇的宅基地流转现状以及314户农户（主要是外出务工）抽样调查的基础上,分析了该县农村宅基地流转的障碍性因素,并运数学模型进行了定量分析,最后有针对性地提出了促进农村宅基地流转的建议。     

An assessment of farmers’ satisfaction with land consolidation performance in China

Rural land consolidation has been a very important and efficient development tool all over the world for a century and is now an indispensable instrument for rural sustainable development in China. The Chinese central government has devoted large sums of money to rural consolidation projects each year in an effort to help protect cultivated land, to improve agricultural production, to enhance the socio-economic development of rural communities, and to help build rural landscapes. However, little attention has been paid to evaluating the performance of land consolidation projects from the view of community members, which is sorely needed. Household satisfaction with land consolidation projects is a key indicator of consolidation performance. Understanding the factors that influence household satisfaction is an effective way of dealing with problems in the interactions between land restructuring and human behaviors in rural areas and can help improve project performance. This paper examines the performance of land consolidation in terms of rural households’ levels of satisfaction in rural China and analyses the most influential factors of satisfaction. Data were gathered via questionnaires and analyzed with a probit model. Results indicated three significant points. First, overall satisfaction rate was 76.5%, meaning that most rural households in the regions of Hangzhou, Changsha, and Guiyang were satisfied with land consolidation projects. Second, 11 factors significantly affected rural residents’ satisfaction with consolidation. These factors included farmers’ level of education, employment characteristics, family size, input level of agricultural production, agricultural produce transportation methods, level of agricultural mechanization, the characteristics of land transfer in the village and within their own families, the perceived importance of land consolidation, their level of social insurance support, and their participation in rural production cooperatives. Third, six of these factors had positive effects on performance; four had negative effects, and one (employment characteristics) demonstrated a significant influence.     

Becoming unemployed and poor in Great Britain

In this study on Great Britain, we estimate the labour market and income process of prime-aged men simultaneously and control for spillover effects. Evidence is presented that the risk of becoming unemployed and poor increases with the duration of unemployment and decreases with the duration of employment. Moreover, the experience of poverty influences the labour market and income prospects negatively, though on a much smaller scale than does the labour market position.