“互联网+”背景下,打造农特产品新型营销模式

在互联网兴盛的当代,电子商务成为新潮流,农民对于线上销售流程较为陌生,但消费者更倾向于线上买卖。打造农特产品新型营销模式,政府、企业、高校三主体参与建设,开展透明化生产+故事化销售,注重有爱消费+健康饮食,实现公众号+第三方小视频平台+农特产APP三位一体,促进企业发展、大学生创业、线上助农巧妙结合,从而推动经济收益与社会效益双提升。     

Carbon Taxes and Joint Implementation. An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis for Germany and India

Germany has committed itself toreducing its carbon emissions by 25 percent in2005 as compared to 1990 emission levels. Toachieve this goal, the government has recentlylaunched an environmental tax reform whichentails a continuous increase in energy taxesin conjunction with a revenue-neutral cut innon-wage labor costs. This policy is supposedto yield a double dividend, reducing both, theproblem of global warming and high unemploymentrates. In addition to domestic actions,international treaties on climate protectionallow for the supplementary use of flexibleinstruments to exploit cheaper emissionreduction possibilities elsewhere. One concreteoption for Germany would be to enter jointimplementation (JI) with developing countriessuch as India where Germany pays emissionreduction abroad rather than meeting itsreduction target solely by domestic action. Inthis paper, we investigate whether anenvironmental tax reform cum JI providesemployment and overall efficiency gains ascompared to an environmental tax reformstand-alone. We address this question in theframework of a large-scale general equilibriummodel for Germany and India where Germany mayundertake JI with the Indian electricitysector. Our main finding is that JI offsetslargely the adverse effects of carbon emissionconstraints on the German economy. JIsignificantly lowers the level of carbon taxesand thus reduces the total costs of abatementas well as negative effects on labor demand. Inaddition, JI triggers direct investment demandfor energy efficient power plants produced inGermany. This provides positive employmenteffects and additional income for Germany. ForIndia, joint implementation equips itselectricity industry with scarce capital goodsleading to a more efficient power productionwith lower electricity prices for the economyand substantial welfare gains.     

Collusive Long-Run Investments Under Transmission Price-Caps

In the short run, constraints in the electricity transmission system may give market power to generators. This paper examines whether the constraints themselves are a long-run equilibrium outcome in a competitive environment. We show that independent transmission companies and generators can tacitly collude to raise prices to consumers and divide the resulting profits. We also show that price cap regulation does not prevent this behavior and may in fact contribute to it. The mechanism for collusion is that generators locate their plants so that a capacity-constrained transmission line lies between them and their consumer market. We show that this constraint-based collusion can be sustained in a static game without any punishment strategies.     

区域环境承载力的定量化探讨--以大连市为例

With the analysis of the connotation and charter of the regional environment's carrying capacity, this paper,firstly, establishes the index system on the base of the affecting factors. Secondly, this paper discusses the methods of the quantization of the environment's carrying capacity of Dalian. Finally, this paper predicts the changing tendency of the environment's carrying capacity.     

国内外水资源承载力的研究综述

随着能源危机的出现,资源环境问题逐渐成为各国经济学家和环境学家特别关注的问题.近年来,水资源短缺越来越成为各地经济发展的制约因素,面对这种情况,资源承载力概念的提出为资源与经济发展问题提供了一条新的研究途径.本文将国内外有关水资源承载力概念和量化方法的研究作一总体分析,结果表明:(1)国外对水资源承载力的研究较少,国内的研究大体可分为初始、发展、鼎盛和拓展四个阶段;(2)从横向比较来看,水资源承载力的研究在我国以近十年为盛.但研究多集中在资源学科领域和地理环境学科领域,角度大多是综合考虑多方面的影响因素,对一个地区的水资源承载力作出系统评价,并借助可持续发展的思想,应用已有的和创新的方法来解决水资源承载力的问题;(3)水资源承载力的研究在一定程度上是土地资源承载力研究的进步;(4)水资源承载力的研究较少考虑环境污染对水资源承载力以及整个社会系统的影响.在此基础上,本文最后对承载力在自然资源方面的研究作了小结和展望.     

The Change of Ecological Footprint and Its Effect on Sustainable Development in Beijing of China

Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in Beijing in 2008. Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance. It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in capital Beijing and development in harmony for society and economy, as well as management for ecological environment. By studying of change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing, the paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP, and both of the correlation coefficient between them is about 0.92, as well as the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items. The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing occupied about 1.25% in global ecological capacity per capita. Began 1990, the ecological deficit in Beijing was about 0.72 hm2, which is at strong unsustainable development at present. Finally, the paper suggests social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible, resources should be strengthen sustainable used and population increasing should be controlled strictly, as well as arable land also should be under control used for built-up areas. Simultaneity, the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased, and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the society and economy development in harmony and sustainment.     

江苏省湿地的基本特征及保护

本文论述了江苏省湿地的基本特征,从可持续发展的角度,深入剖析目前湿地现状及存在问题,并提出了江苏省湿地生态系统保护利用的科学对策。     

上海市生态可持续发展评价研究

本文利用生态足迹法对上海市1985～2004年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了研究，结果表明上海市入均生态足迹和生态承载力分别由1985年的1．9340hm^2、0．1582hm^2逐年增加至2004年的3．0459hm^2、0．5805hm^2，一而同期的入均生态赤字也由1．7958hm^2上升到2．6656hm^2。同时计算了万元GDP生态足迹，并预测了2010年的入均生态足迹和生态承载力。最后得出，上海市入口对自然资源的利用逐年增加，目前已超出了自然生态系统的生态承载力范围，现有的发展模式是不可持续的。     

绿洲系统"三生"承载力驱动机制与模式的理论探讨

以全新的视角解释了绿洲系统生态-生产-生活承载力的内涵，从生态、经济与社会效益的角度分别以水资源、投资作为驱动因子分析了绿洲系统“三生”承载力的驱动机制，阐明了人口在绿洲系统“三生”承载力驱动机制中的双重作用。水资源、投资与人口共同影响着绿洲系统“三生”承载力的模式类型与更替机理，绿洲系统“三生”承载力模式类型的科学界定，对合理开发绿洲系统具有重要现实意义。     

基于PCA/FCM的企业信用评价研究

针对我国企业信用评价问题的特点,文章分析了企业信用评价基本原则和主要影响因素,建立了企业信用评价指标体系。企业信用评价是一类包括一系列独立变量的分类问题,将主成分分析与模糊理论引入信用评价中,构建基于PCA/FCM的企业信用评价模型,这使得模型更接近人们的思维方式、指标赋权更为客观。应用该模型及SPSS11.0、MATLAB7.0对所选企业研究显示:该模型非常有效和实用。