A Theoretical Inefficiency in the International Marketing of Tradable Global Warming Emission Permits

When the disutility of global pollution is measured in units of a numeraire good that is polluting in consumption, the marginal rates of substitution in consumption are generally weighted differently in each countrys calculation of marginal damages. In that case, it is inefficient to control global warming by tradable emission permits, which in theory trade at a unique international equilibrium price. This conclusion is derived from a model of Shibata (1996) in which consumption is pervasively polluting in global warming gases. Shibata dubiously based the inefficiency he discovered on the reciprocal external damages of global warming emissions rather than on the nullibicity he posed for a non-polluting numeraire good.JEL Classification Numbers: F02, Q4, Q25     

中国和平发展战略对全球应对气候变化行动的影响

2005年中国首次发布《中国的和平发展道路》白皮书,2011年9月6日中国再次发布《中国的和平发展》白皮书,向全世界公布中国和平发展的战略。中国采取什么样的发展战略,不仅对全球世界政治经济格局具有重要影响,同时也对全球应对气候变化的行动产生重要影响。重点分析了中国和平发展战略对全球应对气候变化行动的影响:(1)中国的和平发展,坚持以科学发展为指导,本身就是全球应对气候变化行动的重要组成部分;(2)中国的和平发展,推动了世界的和平与发展,有利于创造全球应对气候变化的良好政治经济环境;(3)中国的和平发展,推动了全球资源合理有效配置,有利于提高全球应对气候变化的实际成效;(4)中国的和平发展,提倡的是国际合作,有利于推动全球应对气候变化的国际协同。     

欧盟碳税政策的经验与启示

随着全球气候变化带来的恶劣影响进一步加剧,减缓和适应气候变化已成为世界各国所关心的重要议题。越来越多的国家采取了各种温室气体减排措施,征收碳税就是其中之一。目前欧盟一些国家已实行碳税,并取得了一定的效果。以芬兰、丹麦、瑞典和英国为例,对这四个国家的碳税情况进行比较分析,以期对中国有所启示。     

团队异质性对团队成员创新绩效的影响机制

通过构建被调节的中介效应模型,探讨了团队异质性对团队成员创新绩效的影响机制,考察了团队层面的创新氛围的跨层次中介效应以及领导观点采择能力对此中介效应的调节作用。结果显示:在领导观点采择能力较高的R&D团队中,专业差异、团队任期差异通过创新氛围的中介作用对成员创新绩效产生较强的正向影响,年龄差异的负向影响较强,团队异质性的影响非常有限;团队异质性对成员主观绩效的影响大于对客观绩效的影响。     

林业应对气候变化的系统性思考

从气候变化的概念界定、成因、影响以及林业在应对气候变化领域占据的重要地位入手,以系统理论为基础,着重分析了林业应对气候变化的作用机理,指出应对气候变化背景下的各种林业活动存在着耦合与协同关系,共同构成一个复合系统,该系统同时又是一个典型的耗散系统,存在着熵增的自发趋势。选择合理的系统结构和有效的管理模式,对系统进行内外部关系协调管理,增强负熵持续流入,抵消系统正熵产生,可使系统始终处于有序的耗散结构状态、不断进化。林业应对气候变化的管理机制主要包括运行机制、动力机制和约束机制。林业碳增加、碳贮存和碳替代是主要的运行机制,这三种运行机制共同耦合成一个复合系统。准确把握三种运行机制的作用关系,并在此基础上通过各种动力机制和约束机制不断对三种运行机制构成的复合系统输入负熵流,可以促使其走向耦合、协同共生,表现出协同进化的发展趋势。     

发挥中国林业优势 积极应对气候变化

阐述了林业与气候变化的关系,以及国际社会关于林业在减缓与适应气候变化中的特殊功能和重要作用的共识,介绍了中国政府推进林业应对气候变化工作采取的重大政策和取得的重大成就,提出了进一步加强林业应对气候变化工作的对策措施。     

企业员工的伦理决策意向研究——以道德成熟度、道德强度与伦理气候的影响为依据

文章以企业员工为考察对象,探讨个人面临道德困境时的伦理决策意向。样态架构以道德成熟度为预测变项,功利导向性气候为情境变数,经由道德强度知觉影响伦理决策意向。实证资料采用问卷调查,假设验证主要以回归及ANOVA进行分析。研究结果发现：个人道德成熟度是经由道德强度知觉对伦理决策意向产生的影响效果,道德成熟度对道德强度知觉有正向影响关系;在人际亲疏关系为疏远的条件下,道德强度知觉对伦理决策意向具正向影响关系,功利导向性气候则会干扰道德强度知觉对伦理决策意向的影响。     

‘Because it matters’

Basic economic logic, which often simplifies assessments and explanations of agricultural policy issues, is vitally important in communicating with policy-makers. Resources are limited, and there is a premium on getting decisions at least approximately right first time. Examples from southern Africa illustrate the importance of parity pricing, and its links to household food security (Lesotho), price risk, the emergence of an agricultural futures market, and its central role in allocating scarce agricultural resources (South Africa). Insights derived from an appreciation of parity pricing are relevant in other national contexts and also help explain how international grain markets operate. The parity pricing concept provides a framework for sense-checking complicated debates relating to two issues that have been prominent in recent years; first, whether and to what extent speculation in futures markets has been a driver of agricultural price spikes, and second, how far indirect land use change (ILUC), triggered by the use of agricultural feedstocks to produce renewable energy, is a material issue. These issues are likely to be of heightened importance in the face of climate change. Each emphasises that agricultural economics matters, and that it matters that we get the economics right.     

Using Segmentation and Prototyping in Engaging Politically-Salient Climate-Change Household Segments

Targeting messages to the different segments of a population is necessary to achieve support for policy addressing climate change. Finer segmentation and archetypal prototyping may be advantageous to provide an in-depth understanding of the most politically-salient segments. The research, conducted in Australia, used quantitative analysis to identify subsegments and prototypical respondents, followed by Jungian-style in-depth interviews to reveal the responses of segment representatives to different marketing stimuli. The results suggest that there are challenges in achieving majority support for action against climate change, but there are archetypal words and images that may garner action.     

全球气候变化信息传播扩散模型及实证分析

引进从信息认知到观点认同的滞后因子,运用改进型的传染病扩散模型建立起全球气候变化信息传播模型,对中国、德国和意大利3个代表性国家的数据进行实证分析,探讨了公众环境意识水平在减缓气候变化行动中起到的作用,研究表明大多数国家都处于信息传播初期,需要进一步加强媒体传播。