Time orientation and construal level: effects on eating and exercising behaviour and preferences

Eating and exercising behaviour are both characterized by immediate and future consequences. Consequently, consideration of these consequences (i.e. time orientation) predicts eating and exercising behaviour. We investigate whether construal level acts as an underlying mechanism of these relations. Students (N = 101) completed measures of consideration of immediate and future consequences (i.e. CFC‐food and CFC‐exercise), construal level, eating and exercising behaviour and preferences. For self‐reported eating and exercising behaviour, only direct effects of consideration of immediate and future consequences were found. For eating preferences, however, there was evidence of an indirect effect through construal level. A stronger tendency to consider future consequences led to a stronger preference for utilitarian (as compared with hedonic) food products through a more abstract construal level. All in all, construal level partially explains the differential relations between consideration of immediate and future consequences and eating and exercising behaviour and preferences.     

天水市县域电子商务发展现状分析及对策研究

县域电子商务模式的成熟,对农村经济转型带来了机遇与挑战。因此要加大政府的引导作用,整合天水市各种电商资源,来实现天水市县域电子商务的快速发展。     

多层级视角下京津冀科技创新政策府际关系研究

府际关系协调有利于实现创新资源、要素的有效汇聚与整合，进而提升政策有效性。以京津冀为例，构建中央-地方多层级府际关系模型，分析中央政策主体合作网络特征与政策扩散特征、地方政策主体合作网络特征与政策执行特征的相关性。研究发现，中央政府部门间形成了以科技部为核心的核心—边缘网络结构特征；北京市政府部门间呈现出以中关村科技管理委员会为核心的核心-边缘网络结构特征；天津市政府部门间呈现出以天津市科学技术委员会为核心的星型网络结构特征；河北省则没有形成稳定的网络关系。中央政策主体合作网络中的度中心性与政策扩散广度具有相关性；地方政策主体合作网络中介中心性、度中心性与政策执行强度具有相关性。     

基于性能化的工业建筑抗震设计分析

本文提出来在重要的不规则的工业结构设计过程中采用性能化抗震设计的方法及实现。主要阐述了结构抗震性能目标的确定方法,文章结合设计实例分析建筑结构的是否满足选定的抗震性能设计,旨在为其他建筑的抗震设计提供参考和借鉴作用。     

农户收入分化对林地流入与流出意愿影响研究

以辽宁省409户样本农户问卷调查为基础,采用描述性统计分析农户收入分化在农户年龄层次、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等方面的差异化特征,并运用二元Logistic回归模型分别讨论收入水平分化、收入结构分化、二者交互项对农户林地流转综合意愿、流入意愿、流出意愿的差异化影响。结果表明:农户收入水平分化对林地综合流转意愿、林地流入意愿具有显著正向影响;农户收入结构分化对农户林地流出意愿具有显著正向影响;农户收入水平分化与结构分化交互项对农户林地综合流转意愿、林地流出意愿具有显著正向影响。因此,需要关注农户收入分化因素;做好收入分化因素的有效识别;充分认识收入分化因素对农户林地流入与流出意愿的差异影响;把握分化特征,有针对性提高林地流转意愿。     

On the measurement of investment types: Heterogeneity in corporate tax elasticities

This paper contributes to debates about the appropriate characterisation of heterogeneous investment types and to what extent different investment motives affect the responsiveness to corporate taxation. In particular, we employ and refine a methodology to better evaluate the tax elasticity of investment types. Using a combination of both firm‐specific information and sector‐specific information from input–output tables, we discuss how to classify investment as non‐related, horizontal, vertical and complex types. First, we point out to what extent the resulting classification depends on assumptions made by the researcher. Second, we employ an ample set of classifications and find that non‐related investment reacts stronger to corporate taxation, whereas horizontal investment is less responsive, though, significant negative tax semi‐elasticities turn out for the subset of manufacturing industries. To address inherent characteristics of vertical and complex investment, we extend the methodology and find that, by and large, stronger business motives reduce the tax responsiveness of investment to a larger extent. Given the current debates about substantial corporate tax reforms, it is all the more important to recognise that corporate tax effects can vary fundamentally between countries, driven by country‐specific differences in their composition of industries and investment types.     

基于免疫机理的黑龙江省耕地系统安全预警研究

研究目的:科学识别黑龙江省耕地系统安全警情现状及其未来发展趋势。研究方法:改进突变级数模型和Elman神经网络模型。研究结果:(1)构建基于生物免疫机理的耕地系统安全警情评定指标体系,得出黑龙江省警情1995—2014年整体呈波动上升趋势,警度从"无警"上升至"轻警",再至"中警",说明基于改进突变级数模型的评价结果可凸显评价对象之"优、劣"特征;(2)引入Elman神经网络构建耕地系统安全警情预测模型,测试拟合精度在0.97以上,预测结果可靠,表明未来20年黑龙江省警情将整体呈先升高、后降低趋势,警度在"轻警"与"中警"之间。研究结论:基于生物免疫机理的黑龙江省耕地系统安全预警研究,可为省域尺度下耕地系统安全预警提供一种新的思路。     

林业产业结构升级对国有林区改革绩效的影响

基于2003—2016年东北、内蒙古重点国有林区87个林业局的面板数据,以林业总产值、森林管护面积、年末在岗职工人数作为衡量指标,采用面板数据固定效应模型分析林业产业结构升级对国有林区改革绩效的影响机制。结果表明:林业产业结构高级化对国有林区改革绩效具有促进效应,但产业结构升级速度过快也会在一定程度上对国有林区改革绩效产生抑制效应;林业财政投资额对林业总产值具有显著促进作用;年末在岗职工人均工资对森林管护面积和年末在岗职工人数具有显著促进作用;林业工作站数量对森林管护面积具有显著促进作用。因此为推动国有林区改革工作顺利进展,重点国有林区林业产业结构升级应与经济发展水平和生态环境状况相适应。     

‘How do you feel about a disease?’ The effect of psychological distance towards a disease on health communication

Based on construal level theory, this research addresses the moderating role of an individual's psychological distance towards a disease in the effectiveness of advertising messages framed by two distinctive construal level terms (high-level and low-level). In Experiment 1, two different disease types (bronchitis/distant disease vs. influenza/proximal disease) were featured, with the result that an advertisement with high-level construal terms was more persuasive for a psychologically distant disease (bronchitis) than for a psychologically proximal disease (flu). The reverse was true for an ad framed with low-level construal terms. To replicate Experiment 1 and further test the hypothesis, in Experiment 2, the perceived distance individuals have towards one disease (cancer) was measured and used as independent variable. Consistent with the results from Experiment 1, the low-level construal messages were more effective under the psychologically close condition than the psychologically distant condition. Reverse was true for the high-level construal messages.     

On Targeting Frameworks And Optimal Monetary Policy

We show that speed limit policy, a monetary policy strategy that focuses on stabilizing inflation and the change in the output gap, consistently outperforms flexible inflation targeting and flexible price level targeting in empirical medium‐scale DSGE models under discretionary policymaking. In contrast to small‐scale New Keynesian models, this welfare ranking of the targeting frameworks is not overturned when inflation dynamics are mostly backward‐looking. Importantly, the performance of the speed limit policy shows less sensitivity to its parameterization than other frameworks that target the inflation rate or the price level.