融资约束抑或过度投资——中国上市企业投资—现金流敏感度的经验证据

本文以中国上市企业为分析样本,通过检验现金持有量对投资—现金流敏感度的影响,考察企业中的融资约束和代理冲突。结果显示,融资约束与过度投资导致企业投资支出与内部现金流密切相关。民营企业、大规模地方国有企业中存在过度投资,所持有的现金具有明显的壕沟效应、进一步提高投资—现金流敏感度。而中、小规模国有企业面临的融资约束比较突出,为了抵御外部融资约束,持有现金充当对冲工具、降低投资—现金流敏感度。     

The Value of Biodiversity in Pharmaceutical Research with Differentiated Products

Biologists and conservation advocates have expressed grave concern over perceived threats to biological diversity. ``Biodiversity prospecting' – the search among naturally occurring organisms for new products of agricultural, industrial, and, particularly, pharmaceutical value – has been advanced as both a mechanism and a motive for conserving biological diversity. Economists and others have attempted to estimate the value of biodiversity for use in new pharmaceutical project research. In this paper we apply a new approach to estimating values: we employ two models of competition among differentiated products. Each model confirms previous findings that the value to private researchers of the ``marginal species' is likely to be small. The models can have very different implications with respect to social values, however. These findings underscore the need for a better understanding of the true meaning of diversity.Resources for the Future     

Bank Concentration and Firm Investment: Empirical Evidence from India

This paper investigates the impact of bank concentration on firm-level investment across firm groups classified according to size, investment destination, and debt maturity structure. Using data of 302 manufacturing firms for the period 2000-2009, we show that elevated financial constraints are associated with small and medium-size enterprises and firms that are dependent on short-term debt and exhibit high levels of sensitivity of investment to cash flow. Our empirical finding confirms that bank concentration exerts a positive impact on firms' financial constraints on investment. This effect is more pronounced for small firms and firms dependent on short-term debt. However, our results are indifferent to domestic versus foreign investing firm groups.     

实物期权在高科技企业初创期投资决策中的应用研究

从传统NPV方法在评估高科技企业初创期投资项目评价中的弱势出发,引入实物期权评价法,并针对波动率在估计过程中的误差问题进行敏感性分析,得出战略NPV值随波动率变化的趋势,为高科技企业初创期投资决策提供了一种可行的思路和方法。     

碳债券的估值及敏感性分析

论文以2014年5月13日中广核电附加碳收益中期票据的成功发行为背景,在假设核证碳减排量(CER)服从几何分形过程的情况下,结合分形过程的蒙特卡洛模拟,研究了中期碳债券的设计和估值问题,并分析了不同的期权条款设计带来的风险差异。研究认为相对较复杂的强路径依赖型亚式浮息碳债券,在碳现货价格波动性较大的情况下,简单的欧式浮息碳债券是更好的设计选择。     

经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响及区域分异——以第一阶段实施新空气质量标准的74个城市为例

为评估经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响,寻求源头改善城市环境空气质量的可行路径,以第一阶段实施新空气质量标准的74个城市为例,基于输出导向的数据包络分析模型,以经济和人口指标为输入,以城市环境空气质量指数为输出,计算城市经济增长和人口集聚的整体效率,表征经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响。结果表明:三大城市群中,京津冀的环境影响比长三角大26.0%,长三角比珠三角大11.2%;省会城市中,中部地区的环境影响最大,东北地区其次,西部地区第三,东部地区最小。快速推进的工业化和城镇化,投资拉动冶金、能源重化工产业和房地产业高速发展,土地财政助推人口密度不断提高,使得大气污染物在城市局地范围内、短时间、大量集中排放,远超城市大气环境容量,是造成城市环境空气质量明显下降的根本原因。改善城市环境空气质量,必须从环境影响源头入手,加快经济转型升级步伐,适度、有序推进人口城镇化。     

Advertising effects on consumer welfare: Prices paid and liking for brands selected

The effect of advertising on consumer welfare has been the subject of dispute among economists, arising largely from disagreement among scholars regarding the persuasive versus the informative role of advertising. This paper reports two experiments that explore the welfare implications of advertising effects. Experiment 1 shows that the same advertisements can either increase or decrease prices paid for selected brands, depending on the degree to which the choice situation requires brands to be recalled in order to be considered. However, an increase in prices paid caused by advertising does not necessarily imply detrimental effects on consumer welfare. Experiment 2 shows that, even under circumstances in which differentiating advertising leads consumers to select brands with higher average prices, it can provide useful information to consumers that allows them to make purchases that are more in line with their personal tastes than are the choices of consumers not exposed to the advertisements.     

关于金融市场化减少消费流动性约束的实证分析

本文根据扩展的生命周期-永久收入假说以及Euler方程建立模型,对中国大陆31个省市自治区1979-2004年的整体情况和东、中、西部的区域情况进行GLS面板数据分析,结果表明,金融市场化通过各种渠道降低了消费者面临的流动性约束,释放了消费需求。从国际比较上看,金融市场化还能进一步释放消费需求。从地区比较上看,金融市场化减少消费流动性约束的作用在经济相对发达的东部和中部地区更为显著。     

基于生境等价分析法的溢油生态损害评估

总结美国和欧盟生境等价分析法的发展历史和理论模型,应用该方法对某河流溢油污染事故的生境损害进行了定量评估．结果表明,资源生态受损初始程度为50％,建立补偿修复性工程,修复期为10 a,在3％的折现率水平下,修复工程的规模应为26．22×10^4 m2,才能使该河流的生态服务功能恢复到初始水平．逐步优化和完善生境等价分析法,可作为生态补偿管理的技术依据．     

管理者薪酬、薪酬绩效敏感性与公司非效率投资——基于动态面板System GMM模型的实证研究

以2002~2011年716家上市公司为样本,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法,同时考虑了三种内生性,研究了管理者薪酬、薪酬绩效敏感性与公司非效率投资间的关系。通过研究发现,提高管理者薪酬及其薪酬绩效敏感性不仅有利于降低公司的非效率投资行为,而且管理者薪酬与其薪酬绩效敏感性间的交互效应也对公司非效率投资有显著的影响。在降低公司的非效率投资方面,管理者薪酬与其绩效敏感性间存在互补效应。