Land reform and agricultural productivity in India: a review of the evidence

In this paper we review as well as contribute to the empiricalliterature on the impact of land reform on agricultural productivityin India. We find that, overall for all states, land-reformlegislation had a negative and significant effect on agriculturalproductivity. However, this hides considerable variation acrosstypes of land reform, as well as variation across states. Decomposingby type of land reform, the main driver for this negative effectseems to be land-ceiling legislation. In contrast, the effectof tenancy reform, averaged across all states, is insignificant.There seems to be a wide range of state-specific effects, whichsuggests that focusing on average treatment effects can hidea considerable amount of heterogeneity. In particular, allowinga separate slope for West Bengal, one of the few states thatimplemented tenancy laws rigorously, we find that land reformhad a marginal positive effect relative to the rest of India.     

城市土地集约利用比较：上海与天津

城市土地集约利用是我国城市经济可持续发展面临的现实问题。从社会收益、社会成本以及两者的综合角度分析可知,上海的整体投资效率、产业结构以及居民消费结构均优干天津。天津的城市扩张速度高于上海,但城市土地集约利用水平不高。     

The Development in the Coming 3 Decades

On June 25,2008,Summit Fo- rum on the Development in the Coming 3 Decades,hosted by China Business Press and sponsored by BMW Brilliance,was held in Beijing Great Wall Sheraton Hotel. World known economists and entrepre- neurs gathered together to review the ex- perience of China's thirty years of reform and opening up as well as to explore the driving force of China's future develop- ment.China's five famous economists,as     

“考研热”降温现象初探

大学生考研是顺应社会发展的现实需要，对提高整个社会和民族素质具有积极意义。文章立足于考研热社会原因分析和考研热降温原因分析，提出了研究生培养机制改革刻不容缓，并针对研究生培养机制改革提出了一些建议。     

Speculative hyperinflations and currency substitution

We propose a rational expectations framework for understanding speculative hyperinflations that end in response to ‘orthodox’ stabilization programs. Motivated by a strong degree of hysteresis in the stock of real balances after the end of hyperinflations, we provide a cash-and-credit model in which the money demand exhibits persistence because individuals can establish long-lasting credit relationships. We use the model to show that if hysteresis in real balances is possible then a fiscal–monetary reform that successfully stops a speculative hyperinflation may fail to prevent it. We argue that speculative hyperinflationary equilibria are consistent with some key stylized facts observed in extreme hyperinflations.     

基于工作过程导向《模具制造工艺学》课程设计的改革与实践

《模具制造工艺学》课程设计是高职模具设计与制造专业学生的实践性教学课程,目的是让学生在实践中掌握模具零件的工艺设计与加工工艺规程编制,但是,以往的教学模式和手段很难达到该目的。以基于工作过程导向的原则、思路,按模具制造工艺员岗位技能的要求改革《模具制造工艺》课程设计,学生基本能编制常用模具零件的加工工艺规程。     

粤港澳大湾区城市建设用地和经济规模增长格局演变及协同关系

文章研究了1990—2017年期间粤港澳大湾区各城市建设用地增长情况及经济规模变化情况,并对二者之间的协同关系进行了分析。主要结论如下:1990—2017年,粤港澳大湾区各城市建设用地增长速度总体呈加快态势,各城市在不同时期建设用地增长速度的变化与城市所处发展阶段的变化密切相关。大湾区内城市经济规模多数在广东—港澳范围内排行前列,且位序逐渐攀升,仅有肇庆和澳门在1990—2017年经济规模在广东—港澳范围内排序明显下降。以1990年为基期,至2017年,大湾区整体建设用地与经济规模增长的协同度一直处于上升的态势,有序性不断增强,上升速度2010—2017年期间与之前相比有明显的下降,体现出近年来随着城市化进程的不断推进,建设用地增长和经济规模增长二者之间的相互依赖程度有所下降。各城市间建设用地与经济规模增长的协同度演变差异性十分明显。深圳、珠海、中山三个城市建设用地增长对经济规模增长的作用效率在研究期间不断上升,其他多数城市研究期间该效率在2000—2010年期间达到最高,2010—2017年期间均出现明显下降。各城市间产业的发展阶段以及目标定位的不同造成了建设用地和经济规模增长协同性的差异。     

东北粮食主产区村庄宅基地空心化空间分异及其影响因素分析——以黑龙江省克山县为例

研究目的:明晰典型县域村庄宅基地空心化空间分异特征及影响因素,为推动区域空心村治理、宅基地优化利用与乡村振兴提供理论支撑。研究方法:主成分分析方法和地理探测器模型。研究结果:克山县村庄宅基地空心化以中度空心化为主,平均空心化率为14.7%,空间上呈现"北高南低"的格局;耕地禀赋、贫困程度、居住条件、人口状况、耕地流转程度与经济水平是影响克山县村庄宅基地空心化的主要因素;影响因素交互作用类型均为非线性增强,且贫困程度与耕地流转程度的交互作用最为显著,即农业主产区的社会经济发展对耕地资源依赖性较强,且对宅基地利用产生了深刻影响。研究结论:为优化类似于克山县的广大东北粮食主产区宅基地及村庄用地,应编制村庄规划,推动村庄布局优化与分类式发展,实现农村人口的合理集聚与空间重组;加快村庄基础设施与公共设施配套建设,改善人居环境;深化农村宅基地制度改革,盘活利用闲置宅基地,实现土地资源有效利用与优化配置。     

环境约束下中国城市土地利用效率空间差异及驱动机制 ——基于285个地级及以上城市的研究

研究目的:明确环境约束下中国城市土地利用效率空间差异及驱动机制。研究方法:基于序列DEA的SE-U-SBM模型、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、Markov链和空间杜宾模型。研究结果:环境约束下中国城市土地利用效率整体偏低,存在空间不均衡特征且具有波动扩大趋势,空间因素对城市土地利用效率具有不可忽视的影响,与高(低)水平为邻能够提高本地城市土地利用效率向上(下)转移的概率。地市空间尺度下产业结构升级对城市土地利用效率具有显著为正的直接效应,政府财力直接效应和间接效应均为负,城市化进程和人口密度对城市土地利用效率的直接效应和间接效应均不显著。研究结论:提升中国城市土地利用效率应坚持绿色集约导向,从新型城镇化推进、产业结构升级、营商环境建设和节能减排等方面系统推进,积极发挥土地利用效率领先城市的溢出和示范作用。     

Spatial Economic Analysis in Data‐Rich Environments

Controlling for spatial effects in micro‐level studies of consumer and producer behaviour necessitates a range of analytical modifications. These range from modest changes in data collection and the definition of variables to dramatic changes in the modelling of consumer and producer decision‐making. This paper discusses conceptual, empirical and data issues involved in modelling the spatial aspects of economic behaviour in data‐rich environments. Attention is given to established and emerging agricultural economic applications of spatial data and spatial econometric methods at the micro‐scale. Recent applications of individual and household data are featured, including models of land‐use change at the urban–rural interface, agricultural land values, and technological change and technology adoption.