Industrial mining land use and poverty in regions of Burkina Faso

Industrial mining generally develops in rural areas where agriculture is the main subsistence activity of the population. However, there seems to be an incompatible coexistence between agricultural and mining activities, as both require a large amount of land. Given the extensive agricultural system in Burkina Faso and the expansion of mining since 2007, this study analyzed the effect of industrial mining land use on poverty in the 13 regions of Burkina Faso. The study examined the effect of mining land use intensity on cereal production/yield before exploring its impact on poverty by using several econometric methods and various data from the National Statistics Institute. The results indicate that mining land use intensity had no direct effect on poverty; instead, the effect is indirect. Indeed, mining land use intensity negatively affects cereal yield, and that reinforces the incidence of poverty in mining regions. Moreover, the results show that cereal production increases with cropped land. As cereal yield decreases with industrial mining land use intensity, this suggests that the expansion of mining would contribute to the jeopardizing of the food supply as well as the exacerbation of poverty in mining regions. Therefore, policies are needed to encourage the sustainable management of land and mining revenue redistribution in the mining regions of Burkina Faso.     

Originators,wholesalers, and conduits: The marginal value of the contract rate on 30-year conventional mortgages

The model we present solves for the value of an incremental change in the mortgage contract given an expectation about the time the mortgage will be outstanding and a required return for this time span. The marginal value participants in the primary mortgage market place on the contract rate of a 30-year conventional mortgage determines the array of bids for new mortgage production. Mortgagors can issue mortgages at various discounts. High discounts are associated with low contract rates, and low discounts are associated with high contract rates. This article examines the way wholesale dealers and conduits value the various contract rates associated with current production of 30-year conventional mortgages.     

水稻冷害研究进展

及时准确地监测水稻冷害及预报冷害造成水稻减产数量,对于粮食安全预警以及农业可持续发展都具有非常重要的意义。该文回顾了水稻冷害领域内的研究成果,在冷害如何影响水稻生理特性,水稻耐冷性,水稻冷害监测,冷害造成水稻产量损失评估等四个方面总结了水稻冷害国内外研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展前景。     

“总资产收益率”不能作为考核指标

文章认为,对企业进行考核应该站在企业的所有者的角度。由于企业的所有者关心的是"投入产出比",所以,"净资产收益率"是有效的考核指标,用"总资产收益率"进行考核的错误在于,其分子是所有者的收益,分母却加上了别人的收益,致使分子分母口径不一致。     

The Indirect Land Use Impacts of United States Biofuel Policies: The Importance of Acreage, Yield, and Bilateral Trade Responses

Recent analysis has highlighted agricultural land conversion as a significant debit in the greenhouse gas accounting of ethanol as an alternative fuel. A controversial element of this debate is the role of crop yield growth as a means of avoiding cropland conversion in the face of biofuels growth. We find that standard assumptions of yield response are unduly restrictive. Furthermore, we identify both the acreage response and bilateral trade specifications as critical considerations for predicting global land use change. Sensitivity analysis reveals that each of these contributes importantly to parametric uncertainty.     

Linkage between stock volatility and corporate bond yield spread in Thailand

This paper studies the relationship between stock volatility and corporate bond yield spread in Thai market by using Campbell and Taksler （2003） panel data regression approach. The results show that the equity volatility＇s variables, such as finn＇s idiosyncratic risk, market risk, individual stock return and market return, are matter to explain the corporate bond yield spread. Surprisingly, these variables could explain the spread better than credit rating variables. Furthermore, during bear market period, only corporate bond yield spreads in financial finns are increasing significantly. Some of the deterministic yield spread parameters such as level and slope of interest rate also alter from bull market period.     

Term structure determinants of time-varying risk of 1-year bond returns

Term structure drivers of 1-year bond premia and conditional bond return risk are distinct. Consequently, the Cochrane–Piazzesi factor captures aggregate price of risk and not the amount of risk in 1-year bond returns. One linear combination of forward rates captures most of the variation in bond return risk across maturities. Interest rate level captures substantial amount of variation in the conditional return risk, a finding consistent with rising inflation uncertainty with level of inflation and interest rates. The 4-5 yield spread, an important positive predictor of bond return premia, has an opposing but limited impact on the conditional volatility.     

Cross-shareholding network and corporate bond financing cost in China

This study examines the effect of cross-shareholding network centrality on the cost of corporate bond financing. Based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms that issued general corporate bonds from 2007 to 2018, we adopt a social network analysis method and use three indicators (Degree, Betweenness, and Eigenvector) and the principal factor (Composite) extracted from them to measure the firms’ centrality in the cross-shareholding network. We find that bondholders’ demand lowers bond yield spreads for firms with higher cross-shareholding network centrality. In further analyses, we explore the impact mechanisms using mediator models and find that such centrality promotes resource accessing, information disclosure, and corporate governance, thus decreasing corporate bond financing cost. In addition, we incorporate the moderate effect of geographical location and find that the relationship between cross-shareholding network centrality and corporate bond financing cost is more significant in firms located in remote places.     

固定收益平台报价与国债收益率曲线实证研究

固定收益平台是上交所于2007年正式起用的又一债券交易系统,本文通过对平台报价数据进行综合比较分析发现:固定收益平台报价与银行间最优报价的差异较小;固定收益平台报价收益率与全市场国债到期收益率较为接近;在没有平台报价数据的情况下估计的全市场收益率曲线较正常值发生了一定幅度的偏差,并据上述结论提出了相关的政策建议。