旅游资源开发的区域比较研究--以湖南城步苗族自治县为例

区域比较是地理学一切研究方法的基础，是进行区域分析的方法之一，文章把对湖南城步苗族自治县旅游资源开发的区域比较研究定位在与其地理位置上毗邻的六个县市，从旅游资源特色、旅游资源开发条件、现状、程度及旅游发展前景等进行了研究比较。在此基础上提出了城步旅游资源开发的战略，即规划带动，实施可持续发展战略；形象驱动，实施旅游品牌战略；区域联动，实施旅游网络战略。     

常德市旅游资源开发研究

本文首先扼要介绍了常德市发展旅游业的基本状况,然后分析了影响常德市旅游资源开发的有利和不利因素,最后从提高知名度,走出阴影区、突出水乡特色、选择开发重点及资源保护几个方面阐述旅游资源开发的具体措施并设计了旅游路线。     

Developing holistic leaders: Four domains for leadership development and practice

Leadership development and practice have traditionally been quite narrow, with a decided focus on the analytical realm of leadership. However, the contemporary climate of corporate scandal and resultant loss of societal confidence, coupled with the evolving demands, needs, and expectations of employees, point to the potential need for a more holistic approach to leadership. Thus, this article proposes how management education and leadership development programs can develop holistic leaders that are adept at operating in the analytical, conceptual, emotional, and spiritual domains of leadership practice. An integrated model for holistic leadership development and practice that addresses all four of these domains is proposed, and grounded in both established and emerging leadership development theory. Additionally, a leadership development classification scheme is proposed based on classroom, job, and organizational contexts.     

Panel unit root tests under cross-sectional dependence

In this paper alternative approaches for testing the unit root hypothesis in panel data are considered. First, a robust version of the Dickey-Fuller t -statistic under contemporaneous correlated errors is suggested. Second, the GLS t -statistic is considered, which is based on the t -statistic of the transformed model. The asymptotic power of both tests is compared against a sequence of local alternatives. To adjust for short-run serial correlation of the errors, we propose a pre-whitening procedure that yields a test statistic with a standard normal limiting distribution as N and T tends to infinity. The test procedure is further generalized to accommodate individual specific intercepts or linear time trends. From our Monte Carlo simulations it turns out that the robust OLS t -statistic performs well with respect to size and power, whereas the GLS t -statistic may suffer from severe size distortions in small and moderate sample sizes. The tests are applied to test for a unit root in real exchange rates.     

中国水土资源对经济的"增长阻尼"研究

根据Romer(2001)模型,每个国家都不可避免会受到水土资源对经济的"增长阻尼"作用,如何定量测度符合中国水土资源特点的经济"增长阻尼",对于宏观水土资源调控目标的制定具有重大战略意义。文章以Romer(2001)模型为分析基础,通过修正前提假设使其更符合中国的水土资源特点,同时,将建设用地加入到土地资源数据中,计量发现水土资源对中国经济的"增长阻尼"为1.18%,是美国的4.92倍,该数据比已有学者计量的结果要小。又通过以下事实的考察,如水土资源在国民收入中的分额正在下降、技术进步、水土资源与其他要素之间的替代弹性大于1,认为水土资源制约对中国经济增长的可能影响至多是中度的。     

苏联模式影响下的绿地资源管理——从历史 制度主义视角之“路径依赖”解读

历史制度主义是新制度主义中的重要分支，强调政 策是随着时间的推移而被制度塑造的，存在着“路径依赖”现 象，这意味着在过去制度环境中做出的政策选择影响现在的政 策结果。中国城市治理制度深受苏联模式的影响，若想理解以 及应对规划管理中存在的问题，首先需探索其历史。提供了一 种从规划历史切入分析的视角以更好地理解与解决规划管理中 的现存问题，进而构建具有我国发展特色的规划管理理论分析 方法。首先探讨了历史制度主义在制度分析中的应用及优势， 然后通过探讨与分析我国绿地资源管理现状证明苏联模式如何 通过“路径依赖”影响现在的绿地资源管理机制，将历史制度 主义分析方法应用于理解我国的规划管理实践中，在我国自然 资源部成立的改革大背景下提出相应政策建议。     

沙地资源管理理论探析

作为脆弱生态系统可持续发展研究的重要内容，沙化土地资源管理逐渐引起人们的重视。沙化土地资源管理研究具有高度的综合性及横断学科的特点，文章以沙地资源产业化、资产化、自然资源核算、生态经济系统的能值分析、承载力分析、管理政策的完善等为中心的生态经济管理研究，旨在探讨与揭示资源管理的有效手段，并为实现沙地资源可持续发展提供科学的理论依据。     

企业人力资源管理分析——基于新制度经济学视角

学术界对人力资本和人力资源问题一直十分重视和关注.从制度经济学的视角探讨了人力资源管理和新制度经济学及其相关的理论研究之间的联系,为我们从制度与机制设计的角度认识人力资源管理系统的性质提供了新的思路.     

Evolution of harvesting strategies: replicator and resource dynamics

Abstract. Economic theories of managing renewable resources, such as fisheries and forestry, traditionally assume that individual harvesters are perfectly rational and thus able to compute the harvesting strategy that maximizes their discounted profits. The current paper presents an alternative approach based on bounded rationality and evolutionary mechanisms. It is assumed that individual harvesters face a choice between two harvesting strategies. The evolution of the distribution of strategies in the population is modeled through a replicator dynamics equation. The latter captures the idea that strategies yielding above average profits are demanded more than strategies yielding below average profits, so that the first type ends up accounting for a larger part in the population. From a mathematical perspective, the combination of resource and evolutionary processes leads to complex dynamics. The paper presents the existence and stability conditions for each steady-state of the system and analyzes dynamic paths to the equilibrium. In addition, effects of changes in prices are analyzed. A main result of the paper is that under certain conditions both strategies can survive in the long-run. Correspondence to: J. Noailly     

Managing the international commons: Resource use and pollution control

The simultaneous management, in an international context, of free-access renewable resources and transboundary pollution, is examined in a dynamic game framework. First-best outcomes under international cooperation are determined and compared to noncooperative outcomes when countries follow linear Markov strategies. An international policy consisting of taxes on emissions and harvesting, with international redistribution of tax receipts, is used to achieve the cooperative solution. In addition, side payments may be required to prevent free riding and thus make the international policy implementable.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International WorkshopEconomic Aspects of International Water Resources Utilization in the Mediterranean Basin, Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, Milan, October 1993, and the Fifth Annual Conference of EAERE, Dublin, June 1994. I would like to thank Peter Berck, Charles Kolstad, Mordechai Schechter, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.