Environmentally oriented innovative strategies and firm performance in services. Micro‐evidence from Italy

This paper aims at analysing the impact of environmentally oriented innovative strategies on firms’ economic performance in terms of employment, turnover and labour productivity growth. We exploit a unique dataset of 773 Italian service firms with 20 or more employees, based on 1993–1995 Community Innovation Survey (CIS) II data on innovation strategies and 1995–1998 System of the Enterprise Account (SEA). Using a Gibrat‐like empirical model, our findings show a negative link between environmental motivations and growth in employment and turnover in the short term, which then associates to a not significant or even negative effect on labour productivity growth, a result which is explainable by various factors: non‐mature markets; early movers that need more time to grasp the benefits of innovative actions; weaknesses of some service branches. The effect on employment is in part compatible with the existing evidence and may be based on efficiency improvements (dematerialisation processes), which also impact on efficiency by reducing workforce numbers. The effect on turnover of environmental innovation strategy is negative, implying either a short‐medium effect, possibly balanced in the long run by net benefits in terms of higher added value, or a real negative impact, which may be contingent on the period of observation, when environmental strategies where not at the heart of strategic management policies. Neither Porter‐like effects nor virtuous circles among environmentally strategies and performance seem to be present, at least in the short run and for services firms, calling for the necessity of further analyses on medium‐ long‐term effects and performances of specific service branches. Though effects on performances could turn out positive in the long run when mature green markets and investments provide their benefits, our evidence highlights that services could still find hard times in tackling the well‐known low productivity ‘disease’ even in the environmental realm.     

低碳经济下经济增长问题研究

文章分析了已有低碳经济概念并扩大了其内涵,并以此为基础着重介绍了低碳经济下对经济增长的评价,提出并分析了以低消耗和技术进步为条件的经济增长的评价标准,最后指出如何实现低碳经济下的经济增长。     

基础设施对包容性增长的影响探讨

包容性增长日益成为关注的议题,经济政策的重点不仅要维持增长速度还要将增长收益惠及所有的人及地区.本文运用文献法、归纳法等方法介绍了基础设施的特征,阐述了基础设施通过对经济增长与减贫的影响而对包容性增长起着关键作用.我国经济要实现包容性增长,就要加强对基础设施的投资.     

Safety at play: let's all help to prevent drowning

The association between place of residence, population density, relief and type of event (collision or non-collision of the vehicle) has not been evaluated in developing countries. The main objective of this study is to determine the differential factors associated with the occurrence of deaths of collision and non-collision automobile users in Patagonia, Argentina. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using as the dependent variable death by car accident (collision or non-collision of the vehicle) and sex, age, place of residence of the victim, relief and population density as the independent variables. Collision fatalities were related to areas of high population density, while non-collision fatalities were related to areas of low population density, mountainous landscape and place of residence of the victims outside the Patagonian region. The results obtained in this study indicate the need to develop differential primary prevention policies by place of residence of car occupants, focusing on Patagonia non-resident drivers and by emphasising non-collision accidents.     

旅游经济与经济增长关系研究——以南京市为例

以旅游经济和经济增长理论为基础,对南京市旅游收入与南京市国内生产总值、南京市旅游接待人数进行单位根检验与协整检验后,进行回归分析。结果表明,南京市旅游收入、南京市国内生产总值、南京市旅游接待人数三者之间存在协整关系。从长期看,南京市旅游收入与南京市国内生产总值、南京市旅游接待人数之间构成均衡关系,南京市国内生产总值每增长1%,南京市旅游收入将平均增长0.369%;南京市旅游接待人数每增长1%,南京市旅游收入将平均增长0.846%;从短期看,南京市国内生产总值对南京市旅游收入的增长影响不明显,南京市旅游接待人数对南京市旅游收入的增长影响明显,短期弹性为0.871。Granger因果检验结果表明南京市国内生产总值增长、南京市旅游接待人数增长是南京市旅游收入增长的Granger原因。     

History of the Suez Canal Company, 1858–2008. Between controversy and utility

Between 1790 and 1860, US state governments chartered 22,419 businesses, with minimum authorised capital totalling $4.58 billion, by special statute. The US, in both total and per capita terms, had considerably more corporations and authorised corporate capital than the UK, France or Prussia did over that same span. Differences in incorporation and capitalisation rates between nations were largely a function of differences in laws and politics but differences among American states resulted more from differences in the timing and character of economic development.     

A Penrosean theory of acquisitive growth

Penrose's book The Theory of the Growth of the Firm presents a growth theory that overwhelmingly relates to organic growth, with little explicit focus on acquisitive growth. This article addresses the gap in her growth theory by drawing on the historical case of Enodis, and insights from the resource-based view of the firm, to develop a Penrosean theory of acquisitive growth. It concludes that acquisitive growth not only enables a firm to grow more quickly, but that under specific conditions, through its increase in the diversity of resources at the disposal of managers, it may act as a spur to future organic growth.     

适度人口的三维动态建构

对适度人口作了全方位的阐明，分别包括三级内容（人口数量、人口质量和人口结构）、三个方向（人口与经济、人口与生态和人口与社会）和三个阶段（生存型、发展型和享受型人口），确定适度人口的方法，应是动态、优化和和逆向的综合过程。     

减速是必然的，增长也是必然的——中期内中国房地产发展前景

本文通过对房地产5大指标的分析，得出15年来中国房地产增长规模惊人、发展速度惊人的结论；通过对5个方面的分析，得出中国房地产中期发展环境基本稳定、有所收紧的结论；最后，通过对3大指标历史数据的模拟，得出中国房地产中期发展前景——减速是必然的，增长也是必然的。     

国防支出与经济增长的关系研究——基于中国、日本、韩国的实证分析

文章使用Enders-Siklos不对称门槛共整合模型,检定中国、日本及韩国的经济增长与国防支出之间不对称的长期均衡关系,并以门槛误差修正模型(T-ECM)探讨三国的经济增长与国防支出之间领先-落后的因果关系,以及长期均衡关系调整的不对称性。经研究发现:第一,采用Enders-Siklos不对称门槛共整合检定,发现中国、韩国的经济增长与国防支出之间存在不对称的共整合关系,日本的经济增长与国防支出之间具有对称的共整合关系;第二,由Granger因果关系检定,发现韩国、中国的经济增长与其国防支出之间存在有不对称的长期性领先-落后关系,日本的经济增长与国防支出不存在长期性因果关系;第三,由Granger因果关系检定,发现中国的经济增长与国防支出之间存在短期的双向因果互动关系,而日本、韩国则是经济增长单向领先其国防支出。