基于甜甜圈理论的各国绿色增长评价

本文基于甜甜圈理论,根据118个国家和地区1992—2010年的相关数据,将绿色增长从质量性发展、数量性扩张的维度进行评价。结论表明：中等收入国家的质量性发展速度最快,高收入国家对数量性扩张的控制最好,但高收入国家过度的数量性扩张最严重,中等收入国家过度的数量性扩张比较严重。随着质量性发展与数量性扩张速度的下降,中国未来合理的经济增长速度应逐渐下降到一个合理的位置。从传统经济增长方式向绿色经济增长方式转变在不同的发展阶段有不同的实现方式,中国目前处于中等偏上收入国家的后期阶段,应当考虑在向绿色增长方式转变中由提高生态效率转移到抑制数量性扩张上。     

新疆阿拉尔市基于主成分分析的商品住宅价格预测研究

2008年底以来,阿克苏地区阿拉尔市房地产市场出现房价逐渐走高,商品房投资额增幅加大,内部结构不平衡等持续发展偏热的迹象,针对这种现象,对商品住宅价格的研究就显得十分必要。文章首先对阿拉尔市商品住宅价格现状进行了分析,并在此基础上运用统计分析软件SPSS21.0采用主成分分析法对影响阿拉尔市住宅价格的9个因素进行了有针对性的分析,并应用统计软件Eviews6.0对数据进行多元线性回归分析,建立了阿拉尔市商品住宅价格预测模型,得出阿拉尔市未来几年的住宅销售均价。最后,在预测结果的基础上结合阿拉尔市住宅房地产市场的具体情况,为政府提出了使住宅市场健康稳定发展的对策建议。     

Arrow: A flexible architecture for an accounting and charging infrastructure in the Next Generation Internet

Current pricing and charging methods for the Internet are not based on actual usage of this service, which leads to unfairness and more important, it does not deliver the right signals through financial incentives to network providers to upgrade critical links of their networks. The development of new multimedia applications and the convergence to an integrated services network will foster the tremendous growth of the Internet even more. With the Next Generation Internet not only technical services like bandwidth reservation will be introduced, but also new applications will emerge within the Internet. Charging the Internet in a fashion that provides feedback to users and providers has been proposed since the early '90s, however, only a few implementations and real-world examples are known today. This is due to subsidizing the Internet in its early stages and due to a technical development that did not care much about charging. With the recent redesign of the Internet protocol suite and discussions on multiple service classes in the Internet, architectures for charging and accounting have to be revisited, too. Economic models for the Internet cannot be tested fully and validated in non-real-world environments, because of the unknown user behavior. With this uncertainty over what models and pricing schemes to choose, it is evident that a specific charging and accounting platform will never be accepted by the community. In this paper a novel and flexible architecture for charging and accounting is proposed that provides a wide range of mechanisms and lets researchers experiment in an environment as close as possible to the targeted system. As a first step, four different pricing schemes are described, qualitatively assessed on the proposed platform, and a prototypical implementation performed. One of the economic models that have been implemented on Arrow is based on different service classes including reservation and recalculates prices dynamically depending on the traffic situation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Decision Strategy and Structure in Households: A “Groups” Perspective

From a practical perspective, (arguably) most consumer decisions are not made in isolation of the households in which consumers are inserted, yet we commonly treat them econometrically as if they were. The purpose of this workshop was to take some initial steps in defining needed research in household decision making that structurally accounts for goal sharing, utility interdependence, taste heterogeneity, choice set formation, power structures, group size and composition, and so forth. We also considered conditions under which aggregation of tastes, utility and choices might occur and make sense from both behavioral and modeling perspectives.     

基于农村商贸流通业的农产品供应链——商贸流通业城乡协调发展战略研究(之一)

本文分析了我国农产品供应链的类型和农村商贸流通业的现状,提出新型农产品供应链的模式及基于农村商贸流通业的现代农产品供应链的建立策略。     

机构投资者参与公司治理的理性决策分析

近年来,机构投资者迅速崛起,越来越多的人们关注机构投资者的发展与成熟程度对公司治理结构的影响。本文借鉴日、美在机构投资者与公司治理关系方面的经验与教训,构建成本收益比较分析模型分析了机构投资者的集中投资与分散投资的决策问题,利用股数效应模型分析了机构投资者对于集中投资的单个公司是否应积极参与公司治理的问题,并对如何提高机构投资者参与公司治理的效率提出了对策建议。     

The Effect of Stakeholder Preferences, Organizational Structure and Industry Type on Corporate Community Involvement

This paper analyses the relationships between corporate community involvement activities, the organizational structures within which they are managed, the firm's industry and evolving stakeholder attitudes and preferences in a sample of 148 U.K. based firms who have demonstrated a clear desire to be socially responsible. The research highlights significant associations between the allocation of responsibility for community involvement within the firm, its industry and the extent of its community involvement activities. Consistent with the view that managerial structures may play a significant role in the implementation of community initiatives, the results identify significant variations in community involvement policies across alternative organizational forms. However, important similarities in corporate community policies across alternative structures are also shown to exist suggesting that corporate community involvement activities may be influenced by the preferences of societal stakeholders.     

Simulated Negotiations in the Hiring of a Salesforce Manager: Tests of Two-Person Bargaining Solutions

This paper examines the ability to predict bargaining outcomes consistent with Nash, Kalai-Smorodinsky, and Gupta-Livne bargaining models as well as two heuristic solutions based on interpersonal (cardinal) comparisons of utility. Equal earning and equal loss solutions are developed from bargainers' multi-attribute utility functions. An experimental test of these bargaining solutions is conducted for simulated negotiations between a representative of sales force management and a representative of sales force employees over the hire of a regional sales manager. Results show that proportional (Kalai-Smorodinsky) solutions are generally more likely when bargaining is conducted in attribute space, and equal loss solutions are more likely in utility space.     

Canonical Correlation Analysis and Wiener-Granger Causality Tests: Useful Tools for the Specification of VAR Models

Dynamic multivariate models have become popular in analyzing the behavior of competitive marketing systems because they are capable of incorporating all the relationships in a competitive marketing environment. In this paper we consider VAR models, the most frequently used dynamic multivariate models. The drawback of VAR models is that a large number of parameters have to be estimated. The problem has been addressed in several articles and the usual solution is to treat only the variables of interest as endogenous while the other variables are usually included exogenously without dynamic effects. This treatment imposes restrictions on the marketing system, which requires preliminary analysis. We propose to use canonical correlation for this purpose. Canonical correlation analysis and its associated Wiener-Granger causality testing based on the canonical correlation coefficients are useful tools to test the existence of structural relationships between (lagged) consumer response and (lagged) marketing instruments. The tools are applied on data of market shares and marketing instruments in a market of a frequently purchased consumer goods.     

Price Elasticity Dynamics over the Product Life Cycle: A Study of Consumer Durables

Extending the work of Parker (1992), which considers only firstpurchases, and Simon (1989), which considers brand-level sales, weempirically provide support for the hypothesis that total categorysales price elasticities first decease in absolute value but thenultimately increase if the product in question faces the decline phaseof the product life cycle (due to competitive substitutes, changes intastes, and so on). As an interesting artifact of the methodology, thearticle also shows how the Bass model can be easily modified to accountfor total category sales (first plus repeat purchases) and that, in thelimit, the Bass model converges to stochastic repeat purchase models(bridging two radically different modeling traditions). If unadjusted,the Bass model applied to sales data is grossly misspecified when thetime series studied exceeds five to ten years for consumer durables.