Impact of formalisation of property rights in informal settlements: Evidence from Dar es Salaam city

This paper aims to study the responsiveness of the informal property market and management systems towards the introduction of land registration for informal settlements in Tanzania. City governments are increasingly recognising the need to strengthen legal rights for the urban poor as a means to bring them more effectively into the urban economy and ensure better provision of water, sanitation and other primary services. The research focuses on Tanzania and in particular two case studies within Dar es Salaam. The findings of the work suggest that the introduction of residential licenses whilst potentially assisting in creating legal certainty has not resulted in the financial sector accepting them as full security against loans. Accessing credit by the poor however has not yet been fully realised resulting in some further hurdles for the financial sector to overcome. Finally, and of some significance is the registration of property in the informal settlements has provided the opportunity of formal property transactions within these settlements.     

农户林权抵押贷款意愿及其影响因素分析——基于林业生产性融资需求的视角

利用四川省5个省级集体林权制度改革试点县(区)32个村508个农户调查数据,运用Logit模型对农户林权抵押贷款意愿及其影响因素进行实证分析。研究表明,在现行林权抵押贷款制度安排下,农户的性别、受教育年限、是否担任过村干部、非农就业人数比重、是否获得过信用贷款、投资风险承受能力、林木林产品销售比例、是否与企业签订购销合同和政府的支持等因素对农户林权抵押贷款意愿有显著影响。     

林权确认的习惯法之立法完善与法理——以锦屏文书为例

述评新中国成立以来的林权制度演变,考察了林权确认的习惯法与国家法之间的冲突。基于法的价值论,认为林权确认的习惯法具有较之国家立法更优位的价值,更能满足解决林权纠纷的需要。指出对其进行立法完善的两种方式及相关法理思考。     

亚洲林业产权现状研究与分析

通过对国内外有关亚洲林业产权文献的回顾,对亚洲林业现状、林业产权的基本概念及亚洲林业产权进展情况进行了梳理与评述,在此基础上,从不同产权类型对森林资源的影响、产权的制约因素和产权制度变迁三个方面探讨了亚洲林业产权未来的发展趋势及前景。最后,建议我国今后在实施林权制度改革时应注意:加强授予权利的支持力度;加强林主的能力建设;提供充足的机构支持;分步实施改革。     

云南集体林权制度改革配套措施存在的问题及对策研究

在归纳云南省集体林权制度改革取得成果的基础上,通过分析云南省林改配套措施现状及存在的问题,从加强森林资源管理、完善投融资体制、激励科技创新、重视新物种的引进、培植和健全林业社会化服务体系等方面,提出了完善云南省集体林权制度改革配套措施的对策建议。     

树立科技矿政理念改革矿政管理制度——以资源储量消耗计征矿产资源税费

科技矿政理念的基本含义就是努力提高矿政管理的科技含量,遵循地质矿产规律,依靠科技进步显著提升我国矿产资源保护与利用水平.推动科技矿政管理进程,首先要从资源储量管理方面夯实基础,建立健全资源储量实物账户与价值账户.进而改革矿产资源权益分配方式,以资源储量消耗计征矿产资源税费.相应改革矿业权评估制度.     

深化农地市场改革的法制保障

农地流转是农村土地市场形成的基本条件.增收和分配公平是农地产权流转的基本动力.依据当前国家政策和法律,国家通过征收制度垄断了农地所有权交易,农地产权的自由交易主要限于承包经营权流转.实践证明,这种二元交易机制导致效率和公平双重损失.深化农地市场改革,重在维护农民的土地权益,防止各种形式的利益侵蚀行为.为此一要遵循市场机制进行征收制度改革;二要规范集体建设用地使用权流转,集体建设用地所有权逐步直接入市;三要统一两类农地承包经营权的权能;四要建立完善的交易服务体系;五要健全农地流转的法律程序.     

我国土地产权法律制度述评

制度变迁理论认为:产权制度设计具有在体制内激励个人与集团的功能.中国的经济改革是"在解决现实问题中进行的渐进式经济改革",实践中的"产权"设计需要在法学理论层面对之进行梳理.我国的农村土地集体所有制度的利弊与农民财产的市场化问题一直在争议之中.在房价暴涨,危及居民基本居住条件的情况下,政府以金融、行政手段对房价进行调控,上海市明确"土地使用权限到期后由出让方收回",是否合法合理?在探索农村土地入市的过程中,重庆市户籍改革对农村的宅基地以"地票"制度入市交易,实现权利的变现,这一创新举措是否符合法理?文章立足经济法价值论,对土地产权设计的法理价值及上述政策得失进行述评.     

Property rights and western United States water markets*

This paper addresses water scarcity issues in the American West and examines the allocation of water through the appropriative rights system and the extent markets are used to reallocate water from low‐ to high‐valued uses. The unique physical properties of water make it difficult to bound and measure, which makes defining property rights difficult. Markets are also impeded by disputes over third‐party effects due to the interdependencies of water users and complex institutional arrangements that dilute decision‐making authority. Analysis of water trading in the western United States indicates that the rate of permanent transfers is increasing over time and urban users are paying higher prices relative to agricultural users.