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141.
基于价值分级的级差式石油资源税制研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对我国石油业缴纳资源税的现状进行了分析,指出了实施级差式资源税的必要性,在此基础上,介绍了石油资源价值分级的理论、方法和数学模型。最后.以石油资源价值分级结果为依据.对我国实施级差式资源税的具体操作方法作了说明。 相似文献
142.
客户知识的关键维度及其管理过程 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
客户知识成为企业维持持续竞争优势的关键资源。理解客户知识的内涵和关键维度是企业进行客户知识管理的前提和基础,论文结合不同行业企业的实践经验,提出客户知识应包括四个关键维度:用于客户的知识、来自客户的知识、关于客户的知识和共同创造的知识,并针对每个雏度分析了企业当前运用的管理方法,基于此.界定了客户知识管理的概念,构建了客户知识管理的过程模型,为企业有效进行客户知识管理提供参考。 相似文献
143.
Kyu Sang Lee 《Experimental Economics》2005,8(2):171
This dissertation aims at elucidating the history of Vernon Smith’s experimental economics by focusing its attention upon the three themes of rationality, minds and machines that assumed significance at different (albeit overlapping) stages of the development of Smith’s experimental economics with the help of his published and unpublished papers.Chapter 1 is devoted to the scrutiny of the form of rationality incorporated into the portions of Smith’s laboratory experiments whose results have usually been taken as corroborations of his “Hayek Hypothesis.” By bringing into the foreground Smith’s definite position on demand theory and its concrete instantiations on many different occasions, we make the case that Smith has consistently imposed by means of the induced value theory certain narrowly defined preference structures that have definite implications for the form of rationality instantiated in the laboratory.The main narrative in Chapter 2 concerns Smith’s intellectual interchanges with behavioral scientists in the early 1960s, more specifically, his reactions to behavioral scientists’ attempts at cognitive modeling. We present several reasons for interpreting Smith’s initiation of the attempt at the maximization-based induced value theory as an endeavor to discipline subjects’ minds. We also provide in Chapter 2 a portrayal of Smith’s missed opportunities to get involved in the large-scale laboratory experimentation projects pursued in the 1950s in close connection with several branches of psychology.Chapter 3 consists of two parts. In Part 1, we describe the origin of mechanism design economics, and offer a detailed explanation of the analytical kinship between Smith’s “microeconomic system theory” and the standard conceptual framework utilized in mechanism design economics. Part 2 is devoted to describing the roles played by the computer in both Smith’s empirical research agenda and the theoretical, mechanism design research pursued by Stanley Reiter (one of Smith’s intellectual companions since the 1950s). Our historical narrative in Chapter 3 is intended to clarify that computer experience and computational theory drove the development of Reiter’ version of mechanism design economics, and that they also (partially) shaped some crucial events in the history of Smith’s version of experimental economics.JEL Classification: B21, B31, C90, C92, D02Prof. Philip E. Mirowski: Advisor 相似文献
144.
Summary. We examine how irreversible capital reduces the possibility of a duopoly to sustain implicit collusion by grim strategies,
when the product is homogenous and firms compete in quantities. Compared with the case of reversible capital, there are two
countervailing effects: Deviation from an existing collusion is less attractive, because capital once installed causes costs
forever. But the punishment will also be less severe due to the high capacity the deviating firm can build before punishment
starts. The last effect dominates, meaning that the commitment value of capital is negative for all firms. If capital is irreversible,
collusion breaks down for realistic magnitudes of interest rates.
Received: April 30, 1999; revised version: November 30, 2001 相似文献
145.
J.K. Horowitz 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,21(3):241-258
Environmental economics has been much occupied with the discount rate, which is the value of future costs and benefits relative to present costsor benefits. But at least as important is the question of whatshould be discounted, that is, what the value of those future environmentalbenefits is to future generations. This paper analyzes the role for futurepreferences and discusses the state of knowledge. I argue that theappropriate discount rate is the market one, and that the real problemis determining future willingness-to-pay. This approach makes clearerthe connection between discounting and the valuation debate.This paper focuses on two features that have been prominent in that debate:existence value and reference dependence. I argue that thereis a vital connection between the two constructs and that this link yieldsimportant implications for future willingness-to-pay. 相似文献
146.
This paper focuses on problems associated with nonresponse in Contingent Valuation surveys. The results from a telephone follow-up survey show that value inference can be considerably improved by information on nonrespondents' attitudes. 相似文献
147.
Protecting human health is a primary goal of environmental policy and economic evaluation of health can help policy-makers judge the relative worth of alternative actions. Economists use two distinct approaches in normatively evaluating health. Whereas environmental economists use benefit-cost analysis supported by monetary valuation in terms of willingness-to-pay, health economists evaluate interventions based on cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analysis (CEA), using quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) or similar indexes. This paper provides background on the controversy about the relative merits of these approaches and introduces the remaining papers in the special issue. These papers (with one exception) were presented at a conference sponsored by the Department of Economics at the University of Central Florida with support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although CEA might not lead to substantially different implications for environmental policy than benefit-cost analysis, and QALY may provide a benefit transfer tool to fill gaps in the morbidity valuation literature, the papers in this issue raise serious concerns about the suitability of QALY-based CEA for environmental regulatory analysis. QALY does not in general appropriately represent individual preferences for health and CEA is neither independent of income distribution nor adequate to assess efficiency. 相似文献
148.
刘克英 《生态经济(学术版)》2006,(3):42-44
如何审视生态系统、环境系统与经济系统之间的相互关系,关系到对生态经济学基本问题的科学理解,关系到如何运用科学发展观建设和谐社会、实现经济社会持续发展。本文以此为前提,深入研究生态经济学的基本问题,对生态价值、环境价值、经济价值层次的升级,逻辑上的升华及其内在联系进行了探讨。 相似文献
149.
产品包装废弃物的污染与回收利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张静中 《生态经济(学术版)》2006,(11):82-84,88
产品包装废弃物对生态环境产生严重影响:使城市的生态环境污染加剧.占用大量的耕地,使蚊蝇滋生,造成资源的大量浪费。产品包装废弃物的回收与利用可产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益,但必须解决如下几个问题:地方政府职能缺位、法律体系不健全和有法不依、国民环境意识淡薄及企业社会责任缺失。 相似文献
150.
论公允价值在非货币性交易中的适度应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
新企业会计准则实施后,公允价值的一些问题成为会计理论研究和关注的焦点问题之一。应着重分析在非货币性交易中,适度应用公允价值须掌握的计价基础判断标准、公允价值计量、公允价值核算等几个容易混淆的问题。所谓适度即准确把握公允价值的判断标准、计价基础、计量核算方法,以避免公允价值成为利润操纵工具。 相似文献