加快发展农业特色产业的启示与思考——基于礼县苹果产业的调研

文章以礼县苹果产业的发展为例,阐述了礼县立足县情,充分利用自然资源优势,选择发展苹果产业作为当地发展经济,实现农民增收、农业增效,探索形成一条富民强县的产业之路中取得的成效及存在的问题,并提出对策和建议。该文主要采用对比的方法,使用礼县苹果产业发展的具体数据,论述了农业特色产业对促进农民的脱贫致富、激发了农村生机和活力、夯实农业可持续发展基础发挥的重要作用,同时以礼县苹果产业为例,探讨分析了在不发达地区,农业特色产业存在区域化发展不平衡、生产综合优势不突出,品牌培育意识不高、营销成效不显著,生产管理水平较低、产品效益有待提高,产区内劳动力不足、产业发展急需提升等一些共性问题,并从政府统筹规划、品牌建设、品种改良和生产技术培训、培育壮大龙头企业等角度提出促进农业特色产业健康发展的对策和建议,为中西部地区农业特色产业的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Productivity and farm size in Australian agriculture: reinvestigating the returns to scale

A positive relationship between farm size and farm productivity is often considered to be largely due to increasing returns to scale in farm production. However, using farm‐level data for the Australian broadacre industry, we found that constant or mildly decreasing returns to scale is the more typical scenario. In this study, the marginal returns to various farm inputs are compared across farms with different sizes. We found that large farms achieved higher productivity by changing production technology rather than increasing scale alone. The results highlight the disparity between ‘returns to scale’ and ‘returns to size’ in the industry, suggesting that productivity improvement among smaller farms can be made through increasing their ability to access advanced technologies, rather than simply expanding their scale.     

Climate Smart Agriculture? Assessing the Adaptation Implications in Zambia

We examine a set of potentially climate smart agricultural practices, including reduced tillage, crop rotation and legume intercropping, combined with the use of improved seeds and inorganic fertiliser, for their effects on maize yields in Zambia. We use panel data from the Rural Incomes and Livelihoods Surveys merged with a novel set of climatic variables based on geo‐referenced historical rainfall and temperature data to explore the changing effects of these practices with climatic conditions. We estimate the impacts on maize yields, and also on the exhibition of very low yields and yield shortfalls from average levels, as indicators of resilience, while controlling for household characteristics. We find that minimum soil disturbance and crop rotation have no significant impact on these yield outcomes, but that legume intercropping significantly increases yields and reduces the probability of low yields even under critical weather stress during the growing season. We also find that the average positive impacts of modern input use (seeds and fertilisers) are significantly conditioned by climatic variables. Timely access to fertiliser emerges as one of the most robust determinants of yields and their resilience. These results have policy implications for targeted interventions to improve the productivity and the resilience of smallholder agriculture in Zambia in the face of climate change.     

汉代辽东犁和其作亩法

本文通过考察东北农业的实体，分析了它的力量源泉。根据《齐民要术》中登场的“辽东犁”，研究古代中国东北地区的耕作方式和作亩法，来看末冷地带东北农业的本质。东北地区的农耕是在农业的原始基础上吸收了游牧民的畜牧技术和中原度韩半岛的农业文化。这种特征在耕作方式上可见一斑，即使用了辽东犁的作亩法。     

天津市农业比较优势分析及结构调整研究

针对我国加入WTO和新时期天津市农业结构调整的需要，采用规模优势指数、效率效益优势指数、综合比较优势指数的计算方法，对天津市农业及主要农产品进行比较优势分析，根据分析的结果，提出了天津市农业及主要农产品结构调整的建议。     

泉州市2005～2010年农业资源区划发展规划

在分析福建省泉州市农业资源区划发展现状的基础上，提出了泉州市2005～2010年农业资源区划工作的指导思想、发展目标、工作重点和保障措施，以期促进泉州市农业资源区划工作在服务手段、服务对象和服务水平上有较大转变和提高。     

农牧交错区苜蓿草业产业化开发研究

我国北方农牧交错区不仅是生态环境人为破坏最为严重的地区，也是土地荒漠化发展速度最快的地区。根据农牧交错区面临的主要生态问题，选择退耕还草、发展苜蓿草业，对该区生态、经济、社会的可持续发展具有重要作用。该文结合农牧交错区的实际，提出了该区苜蓿草业产业化开发的基本模式、阶段特征及基本对策。     

新疆特色农业产业化可持续发展的途径与机制

近几年，新疆特色农业产业化得到一定发展，但发展的规模、速度欠佳。如何借助有利的区域资源、社会经济发展优势，促进新疆特色农业产业化的发展，是一个十分紧迫的问题。该文在分析了新疆特色农业产业化发展中存在的主要问题的基础上，探讨了新疆特色农业产业化可持续发展的路径与计划、宏观调控、利益分配、约束、资金投入整合机制等。     

青海高原东北部农业持续发展的初探--以平安县为例

青海高原东北部是青海省重要的农业区,分析了平安县农业可持续发展的区域优势和所存在的问题,提出了该县农业可持续发展的对策:适度调整农业产业结构,建立新型耕作制度体系,大力推广各种优化模式,集约开发利用各种农业资源,注重资源的保护,培育龙头企业,促进产业化进程,开发各种名优、土特、新稀产品和无公害的“绿色食品”。     

吉林省发展现代农业的思路与对策

发展现代农业已经成为当前解决"三农"问题和建设社会主义新农村的必然选择,该文从吉林省的实际出发,提出了吉林省发展现代农业的指导思想、基本原则、主要思路和提供资金保障、强化惠农政策、提供服务平台、强化农村市场体系建设等6项对策。