中国的国际贸易与外商投资

随着中国经济的发展,越来越多的外商决定来中国投资.通过使用波特的钻石理论来分析中国的市场,我们可以清楚的看到,中国的国际贸易与外商投资情况发展的很好.     

Unethical use of wildlife in tourism: what's the problem,who is responsible,and what can be done?

Wildlife tourism is a huge global market, the revenue from which can promote local livelihoods and tourist education, enact conservation, and improve animal welfare. Such benefits arise if wildlife tourist attractions (WTAs) prioritise ethical deliverables above financial profit, but recent work has shown that the majority of WTAs have substantial negative animal welfare and conservation impacts. In the absence of global regulatory authorities, tourist revenue has become the ultimate arbiter of what constitutes acceptable use of animals in WTAs. Tourists, however, are not adequate assessors of WTAs’ animal welfare and conservation impacts: they lack the specialist knowledge required and are subject to a number of psychological biases that obscure the ethical dimensions of decisions to attend particular WTAs. This inadequacy is evidenced, and compounded, by overwhelmingly positive reviews on TripAdvisor (the industry-leading review site), even for WTAs with objectively poor ethical standards. Our suggested solution is to empower tourists by presenting unequivocal assessments of WTAs' animal welfare and conservation impacts, hosted in the fora that tourists already use to make their travel decisions. We would thereby promote a subjective norm that tourists should consider and limit their individual negative impacts when choosing which WTAs to visit.     

Institutions,resources, and internationalization of emerging economy firms

An important step in the internationalization process of emerging economy firms is the shift from exports to foreign direct investment (FDI). We integrate the resource- and institution-based views to suggest that firms that can use unique institutional advantages are more likely to make this shift. We test these arguments with a longitudinal sample of 28,563 firm-year observations (1989–2005). We found that firms that are affiliated with a business group, have more firm- and group-level international experience, have more technological and marketing resources, and operate in service industries are more likely to shift from exports to FDI.     

CAFTA-DR Effects on FDI Inflows,Growth, and Distribution of the Workforce in Costa Rica: A System Dynamics Approach

As regional trading arrangements have spread, enlarged, and deepened over the last decades, the study of the relation between trade agreements and foreign direct investment (FDI) still presents difficulties due to the multi-dimensional character of such relationships. This article attempts to shed new light on how some of the Central American Free Trade (CAFTA) policies will impact FDI inflows on the manufacturing and agricultural sectors in Costa Rica. Specifically, we look at how the growth and distribution of the workforce is affected by the treaty. The results show that the agreement provisions will have a positive effect on FDI. From these results it is possible to estimate that in the long run, the implementation of CAFTA has a higher probability of generating the intended benefits. System dynamics modeling is used in this article.     

FDI对区域产业竞争力的影响分析——以珠三角为例

珠三角地区作为中国改革开放的最前沿地区,FDI的大量流入极大地提升了该区域的产业竞争力,尤其是非劳动密集型产业,通过分析可以清楚地看到FDI的这一作用.但是.FDI的大量流入也存在一定的负面影响,使得珠三角产业竞争力容易受到外资公司的操纵.因此,珠三角地区政府应该扬长避短,合理利用FDI来提升自,身的产业竞争力.     

利用FDI促进我国自主创新的思路探讨

改革开放以来的30年时间里，外资经济已成为我国经济的一个重要组成部分，它为推动我国的经济发展做出了十分重要的贡献。然而。“利用FDI”与“自主创新”之间究竞存在怎样的关系，一直是学术界争论的焦点。文章从我国利用FDI的现状入手，分析了利用FDI对我国自主创新的影响，得出事实上利用FDI与自主创新之间并不矛盾的结论，并剖析出当前制约我国利用FDI提高自主创新能力的因素，进而提出我国应当如何提高FDI利用率来促进自主创新的思路。     

制度缺陷、路径依赖对中国FDI的影响研究

市场机制的不完善,分配体制的不合理,法制的不健全,导致中国资源配置低效,企业缺乏竞争优势,产业缺乏比较优势,资本外流严重,形成巨额虚假FDI.在有限的真实FDI中,由于国有企业的绝对主导地位,使FDI的产业结构,投资决策和投资区位分布不合理,投资效率低下.只有从根本上进一步完善市场机制、分配体制,加强法制建设,才能纠正资源配置的扭曲,提高中国企业的竞争力和产业比较优势,减少虚假投资,改善中国FDI的投资主体结构、产业结构、区位结构、投资效率,最终提高中国在国际分工中的地位.     

CORRUPTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH

This paper investigates the relationship between corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the case of 15 transition countries by using a panel gravity model approach and suggests that corruption does not deter FDI.     

纵向财政失衡、FDI竞争与医疗卫生服务供给水平——兼论标尺竞争机制下地区间的策略性行为北大核心CSSCI

关于医疗卫生服务供给不足的原因一直是社会各界高度关注的重点话题,现行的财政分权制度常被认为是最主要的原因。本文尝试将表征现行财政分权制度特征的三个要素,即纵向财政失衡、地区FDI竞争和地区间竞争模仿的策略性行为,与医疗卫生服务供给水平纳入同一分析框架,在对其理论机制分析的基础上,利用2007-2018年277个地级及以上城市面板数据,实证考察它们之间的关系特征及机制路径。研究发现,纵向财政失衡与地区FDI竞争对医疗卫生服务供给水平均存在显著的抑制作用,同时,地区FDI竞争对纵向财政失衡的负向抑制作用具有正向调节效应。进一步分析发现,地方政府间的标尺竞争使其在医疗卫生服务供给行为上表现出明显的策略模仿,医疗卫生服务供给水平呈明显的空间溢出效应。异质性分析发现,发达地区医疗卫生服务供给水平受抑制的主因是FDI竞争所致,欠发达地区则主要缘于纵向财政失衡的显著影响。机制分析发现,纵向财政失衡通过作用于财政支出结构与医疗卫生支出效率两种方式实现对医疗卫生服务供给水平的抑制,而FDI竞争则主要是通过扭曲财政支出结构的方式实现其抑制作用。本文的研究丰富了医疗卫生服务供给不足制度性成因探寻的文献,对于如何全面推进新一轮财税体制改革、深化医疗卫生体制改革、优化政绩考核指标等具有借鉴意义。     

外商直接投资与污染产业转移问题浅析——以江苏省为例

近年来越来越多的国家关注外商直接投资中的污染产业转移的问题。本文以江苏省为例,分析其利用外资中环境污染的总体情况和内外资分布情况,从而得出虽然在江苏外商投资的产业一半以上是污染密集型产业,但是外商直接投资并没有出现明显的污染转移倾向。