融资约束对企业出口影响的Heckman验证-基于银行信用风险的视角

基于中国工业企业数据库1998-2014年7032家企业的平衡面板数据,从银行信用风险内部评级的视角,研究融资约束对企业出口的影响.结果表明:银行信贷融资约束与企业的出口决策及出口强度间有显著负相关关系.同时,使用Heckman二阶段模型研究发现:不同形式的商业信用对企业出口决策及出口强度的影响和作用机制会因企业所处供求端位置的不同而存在差异.其中,需求端的商业信用仅与企业出口决策显著正相关,而与出口强度的相关性并不显著;供给端的商业信用则与企业出口强度显著负相关.     

“快速通关”贸易促进效应的实证分析

在低关税的时代,快速通关很可能是打破贸易壁垒,推动国际贸易发展的重要手段。文章从四个方面总结了快速通关对国际贸易的影响机制,并基于2008-2010年113个国家相互之间的出口数据,使用 Heckman两步选择模型进行了实证研究。结果显示,快速通关对贸易参与和贸易规模都有着显著的促进作用,从多个角度进行稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。快速通关可以通过需求偏好效应、成本效应与全球化生产网络效应和遏制日益强化的非关税贸易壁垒的负面效应,使得多边谈判所形成的关税降低的效应得以真正发挥。此外,文章还发现,自由贸易协定的建立,提升了通关效率与边境管理的透明度,进而提高了国家间的贸易量。文章的研究结论对于理解目前中国建立自由贸易区以及实施在贸易谈判中主导快速通关的措施或建立条款,打破技术贸易壁垒具有重要的意义。     

Evolution and challenges of dairy supply chains: Evidence from supermarkets,industries and consumers in Ethiopia

In developing countries the demand for products of animal origin is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. Using data collected from 200 urban households this study examines the evolution of the dairy market in Ethiopia. In particular, this study suggests that although the Ethiopian dairy market remains extremely thin and volatile, the commercialization of processed dairy products through supermarkets is expanding and is expected to keep doing so in the foreseeable future. Increasing urbanization and corresponding changes in consumer preferences, behaviour and purchasing power are the identified causes for the rise of supermarket-processor dairy chains. This study shows also that emerging dairy chains provide new market opportunities to Ethiopian farmers, but the existence of retail-industrial monopolies and monopsonies jeopardize farmers’ economic benefits to a great extent. The study concludes with some implications for policy and further research.     

我国家庭信贷状况研究：基于CHFS微观数据的分析

文章利用中国家庭金融调查2013年发布的调查数据,分别构建非参数次序probit模型和Heckman模型检验了影响城乡家庭信贷约束状况和贷款可得性的相关因素。结果表明,户主受教育程度和家庭收入水平提高、家庭资产规模增加等都能缓解家庭的信贷约束,户主的党员身份、大学以上的受教育程度以及家庭资产规模等能提高家庭的贷款可得性,户主年龄、风险偏好等变量对家庭信贷规模的边际效应显著为负,而尽管城市家庭和东部地区家庭获得的贷款支持更多,但是城市家庭和东部地区家庭还是面临着更大信贷约束。     

Current market conditions for veterinary services in the U.S

The veterinary industry has been plagued by low growth in income, yet flourished in growth of new veterinarians. By using a labour-/work-hour approach that allows for proper matching of the data, we develop a supply and demand model of companion animal services in the veterinary medicine profession. We use data from two unique sources that allow demand estimation by companion animal type and lets supply vary by practice type. The results here suggest that low income growth, relative to doctors and dentists, may be from allowing supply to outpace demand for veterinary services.     

中国出口贸易溢出对企业创新能力的影响

本文利用2005-2008年中国工业企业微观数据,研究了出口贸易溢出对企业创新能力的影响。为了修正样本选择偏差问题,文中使用了Heckman两步模型。研究发现,出口贸易水平溢出和后向关联溢出对企业创新可能性和创新数量均有显著的正效应。进一步的研究表明,内资企业是出口贸易溢出的主要来源;外资出口企业的强势竞争力、买方市场势力及其对知识产权的严格保护是外资企业出口溢出对企业创新能力影响较小的主要原因。     

基于Heckman模型的支付意愿及强度的影响因素研究——以大理州276个奶牛养殖户为例

[目的]农业非点源污染尤其是畜禽养殖业污染问题已成为我国亟需解决的环境问题之一。探讨农户参与畜禽养殖污染防控的支付意愿及支付强度,对政府制定相关政策具有指导性意义。[方法]基于大理州276个奶牛养殖户的调查数据,运用Heckman两阶段模型对农户参与洱海流域奶牛废弃物循环利用支付意愿及支付强度的影响因素进行了实证分析。[结果](1)62.68%的奶牛养殖户对参与奶牛废弃物的循环利用具有支付意愿;(2)户主受教育程度、家庭收入主要来源、奶牛养殖头数、耕地数量及牛粪还田方式等因素对奶农支付意愿的影响较为显著。其中,户主受教育程度、奶牛养殖头数、耕地规模及牛粪是否还田对奶农支付意愿的影响呈正相关,家庭收入主要来源呈负相关;而影响程度大小依次为:家庭收入主要来源牛粪是否还田户主受教育程度奶牛养殖头数耕地规模;(3)户主年龄、受教育程度和牛粪是否还田等因素对奶农的支付强度产生重要影响。其中,户主年龄对奶农支付意愿强度的影响呈负相关,而后两者表现为正相关。[结论]最后,提出了促进洱海流域奶牛废弃物循环利用的政策建议。     

外部融资约束对企业出口行为的影响* ——基于中国企业普查数据的实证研究

本文采用世界银行2012年对中国境内2 700家企业的普查数据,分析企业外部融资约束对企业的出口倾向、出口强度的影响,本文的实证分析发现：企业面临外部融资约束时,不仅会显著降低企业参与出口的可能性,还会显著降低企业产品出口销售比例。不同的企业外部融资约束对企业出口行为有不同的影响。具体而言,贷款申请程序复杂、利率太高带来的外部融资约束会显著降低企业产品出口销售比例;贷款规模和期限不足带来的外部融资约束会显著降低企业参与出口的可能性;抵押要求太高带来的外部融资约束既会显著降低企业参与出口的可能性,也会显著降低企业产品出口销售比例。     

The Impact of Mobile App Adoption on Cross-buying: The Moderating Roles of Product Category Characteristics and Adoption Timing

With more and more companies introducing mobile apps and consumers using them during the purchase journey, it is increasingly important to understand the consequences of app adoption on behavioral outcomes. This paper investigates the impact of app adoption on the number of additional products purchased by customers (i.e., cross-buying) and how this effect varies across different product categories and different customers. We focus on two key product category characteristics (utilitarian vs. hedonic nature and perceived risk) and on adopters who vary in their adoption timings (early vs. late adopters). Using data from an online retailer and a combination of propensity score weighting with difference-in-differences and Heckman correction estimation techniques, the results show that app adoption has a positive effect on cross-buying overall, but the effect varies greatly across products and consumers. App adoption promotes additional product purchases for hedonic products but leads to less cross-buying for utilitarian products. In addition, early adopters purchase a higher number of additional product categories than late adopters, with this difference decreasing over time and for new consumers compared to existing customers. These results offer novel insights into the behavioral consequences of app adoption and provide managers with useful recommendations for improving the effectiveness of their mobile app investments.