进出口对经济增长贡献度的测算理论分析

利用GDP支出法测算进出口对经济增长贡献的方法存在局限性。本文从供给和需求角度出发,分析了进口、出口对经济增长产生影响的机理,进而提出了测算进口、出口对经济增长贡献度的基本方法。本文认为,进口、出口影响经济增长的作用机制不同,因而不能在同一计算公式中分解出既包含进口又包含出口对经济增长贡献的部分;测算进口、出口对经济增长的贡献,需要分别采用体现不同作用机理的计算公式。     

中国保险业的空间分异及其经济绩效——基于地级以上城市的分析

保险业是现代化经济体系的组成部分,是国民经济高质量发展的重要保障。本文基于2006~2016年地级以上城市数据,采用两阶段嵌套泰尔指数和面板工具变量模型,探究中国保险业的空间分异与经济绩效。研究发现:①中国保险密度和保险深度空间分异特征显著,高值区主要分布在东部、北部地区以及高等级城市和大型城市。②中国保险业空间分异主要来自于省域间差异,省域内差异增长迅速;人身保险业务空间差异水平高于财产保险业务。③城市层面,保险业发展显著促进经济绩效提升,财产保险业务的经济增长效应高于人身保险业务;低收入地区保险业的经济绩效更为显著。④保险业通过自我深化、风险转移、损失补偿和金融中介四种机制推动经济增长,直接机制作用大于间接机制,间接机制中金融中介机制的作用更为凸显。本文有助于丰富保险业的经济增长效应理论研究,也为城市通过保险业促进经济发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Enter the Dragon: Have Imports from China Hurt Wages in Manufacturing?

While it is often argued that imports from China are depressing manufacturing wages in recipient countries, this has never been tested using cross‐country data. This article investigates the effect of increased import penetration from China on the wages of workers (total, skilled and unskilled) in the manufacturing sector of 100 economies from 1976 to 2008. The econometric analysis finds no evidence suggesting that import penetration of manufactured goods from China has a statistically significant effect on real manufacturing wages (skilled, unskilled and total) in either developed or developing economies. This may be because Chinese exports are too heterogeneous to strongly affect any particular industry in recipient economies or because foreign consumers are differentiating products made in China from those made locally based on country and brand loyalty and preconceived notions of quality.     

Foreign participation and banking competition: Evidence from the Indonesian banking industry

Foreign participation in Indonesian banking has expanded from the establishment of foreign de novo banks into the acquisition of existing local banks. The increase in foreign participation has therefore not been associated with a growing number of banks. This study aims to examine the competitive behavior of foreign and local banks as a competitive banking industry is important in boosting economic efficiency and economic growth. This study also examines the role of modes of entry of foreign banks on competition, either through the establishment of foreign de novo banks or the acquisition of local banks. The recent methodological refinements of the Panzar–Rosse method developed by Bikker et al. (2011) are employed to estimate the level of competition among local and foreign banks. Generally, the foreign banks, particularly foreign de novo banks behaved more competitively than local banks, and their penetration is therefore important in creating a contestable market. This study found that in terms of assets, on average foreign de novo banks were smaller, more efficient, and had lower overhead costs, so they could offer lower loan rates and disburse more loans. The recent consolidation in the Indonesian banking industry may have an adverse impact on competition as it restricts the establishment of foreign de novo banks.     

Market penetration strategies and the fee–performance relationship: the case of Spanish money mutual funds

This article shows that market penetration strategies are common practice during the product introduction stage in the money mutual funds in Spain. During this stage there is no relation between fees and performance because this strategy is optimal. In order to analyse this relationship during the other stages of the product life cycle, funds under three years old were omitted from the analysis. Among the remaining funds, those with the highest fees are found to present a higher gross return than the low-fee funds, although the difference is not statistically significant. Nevertheless, in terms of net returns, low-fee funds are observed to stochastically dominate high-fee funds for any risk-averse investor. These findings hold for any managerial skill level or segmentation by the mutual fund family type.     

中间投入进口对经济增长的贡献分析

近年来,中间投入进口的比重不断增加,它对中国经济增长的影响也不断增强。把中间投入进口作为一个单独的要素加入到生产函数中,分析其对经济增长的贡献,可以看出中间投入进口维持和促进经济稳定增长的作用不容忽视。     

Tradable and non-tradable expenditure and aggregate demand for imports in an emerging market economy

Using an assumption of non-separability of non-tradable expenditure from imports, this paper examines the impact of the structural transformation undertaken after 2001 on imports and, in turn, the current account stance of Turkey. In this regard, an import demand function is derived under the assumption of non-separability, and is estimated using quarterly time series data from Turkey. The empirical results show that the assumption of non-separability cannot be rejected in the case of Turkey and the relative prices of non-tradable and tradable goods must be among the determinants of import demand in addition to the relative price of imports and real GDP. This result accordingly implies that recent increases in import expenditure are, to some extent, due to changes in the relative price structure in favour of non-tradable goods.     

Financial depth,internet penetration rates and economic growth: country-panel evidence

The article investigates causal relationships between internet penetration rates, financial depth and per capita economic growth in the Next-11 countries. Using panel vector autoregressive (VAR) approaches, our empirical results show that these variables are cointegrated. Moreover, we find bidirectional causality between internet penetration rates and economic growth, and between financial depth and economic growth in the short run.     

在高职化学教学中渗透环保教育探索

环境保护是当前和未来全球性重大课题之一,化学在开展环境教育方面作用重大,本文从四个方面阐述了高职化学教学渗透环保教育的途径。     

进口竞争与中国制造业就业动态：基于中国从美国进口的经验分析

在当前中国主动扩大进口和中美贸易摩擦频发的双重背景下,本文基于高度细分的中国制造业企业微观数据,从企业就业的二元边际视角评估了2000-2012年中国制造业企业就业动态,并实证检验来自美国的进口竞争对制造业就业动态的影响。研究发现,来自美国的进口竞争对制造业净就业无显著影响,但对其背后的就业动态影响显著;进口竞争对中国制造业企业就业动态的影响主要表现在抑制企业进入和促进企业退出,且该影响随着地区、企业所有制、贸易模式的变化而呈现差异。机制检验表明,进口竞争通过抑制企业生产率阻碍企业进入、增加企业退出。此外,考虑上下游产业关联后,进口竞争对就业动态的影响进一步扩大。文章研究结论表明,除了就业总量增长外,微观企业层面的就业动态对于“稳就业”目标的实现也至关重要。