Open access,common property and scarcity rent in fisheries

Open access resources are frequently not managed efficiently, resulting in falling stock levels and a declining income for fishermen. In the late 1970's, the policy response to this problem was the implementation of 200-mile fishing zones, which enabled the European Union to formulate and implement the Common Fisheries Policy, aimed at (among other things) conservation and distribution of available stocks. In Germany, this shift from an open access regime towards a common property regime had favourable outcomes. The trend of falling prices was reversed. The conclusion was that intertemporal efficiency had increased as a result of (inter)governmental policy. Apparently, a wedge was formed between price and marginal harvesting costs, implying that scarcity rent had returned as a component of prices.     

A Common Pool Resource Game with Sequential Decisions and Experimental Evidence

We describe a common pool resource game in which players choose how much of the stock to extract in a sequential manner. There are two choices and one represents taking a larger proportion of the stock than the other. After a player makes a choice, the remaining stock grows at a constant rate. We consider a game with a finite number of alternating moves. It is shown that changes in the larger proportion of the stock that the players are allowed to take and the growth rate affect equilibrium, but have little effect on behavior in the laboratory. In addition to observing more cooperation than predicted, we observe that parameters that are strategically irrelevant affect behavior. The results of this research might help policy makers in developing adequate policies to prevent overexploitation of some natural renewable resources.     

中英电信"双寡头垄断"模式比较研究

中国电信南北分拆以后,将在固定电话和移动电话两个业务领域形成新一轮"双寡头垄断"竞争格局.英国是率先实行"双寡头垄断"作为过度,最终走向电信全面开放竞争的典范.中国电信业在1994～1999年第一阶段改革中,曾试图仿效"英国模式",构建中国电信和中国联通的"双寡头垄断",最终以失败告终.在中国即将形成新一轮"双寡头垄断"竞争格局之时,我们有必要通过对英国电信改革的理论背景、具体实施过程、取得的成就的回顾,探求英国"双寡头垄断"成功的奥秘,并为中国新一轮电信重组所借鉴,提升中国的电信业国际竞争力,更好地应对WTO的挑战.     

Sharing a River

A group of agents located along a river have quasi-linear preferences over water and money. We ask how the water should be allocated and what money transfers should be performed. The core lower bounds require that no coalition should get less than the welfare it could achieve by using the water it controls. The aspiration upper bounds demand that no coalition enjoy a welfare higher than what it could achieve in the absence of the remaining agents. Exactly one welfare distribution satisfies the core lower bounds and the aspiration upper bounds: it is the marginal contribution vector corresponding to the ordering of the agents along the river. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D62, C71.     

混凝土质量通病产生的原因及处理办法和预防措施

混凝土成型的过程很复杂，要经过选料、配制、运输、浇筑、养护等多个环节，各环节又需多个指标控制，任何一个环节指标出现偏差、操作出现纰漏，都会有质量通病产生。如果不消除这些质量通病及混凝土缺陷，会直接影响到工程质量和结构安全，它分析了混凝土工程质量通病产生的原因，阐述了质量通病的处理办法，强调了如何预防质量通病的措施。     

一般城市融入都市经济圈一体化进程的路径选择

就都市经济圈内一般城市融入一体化进程的基本方向和主要路径进行分析,指出其具体的路径选择主要包括培育统一要素市场,对接产业分工与协作,融入都市圈快速交通圈,打造通用信息平台,遵循区域发展总体规划实施城镇体系发展分区规划,交流与共享人才资源,创新政府公共协调制度等方面.一般城市通过上述方式汇入都市圈一体化进程,以此实现整个都市圈,进而实现城市自身利益最大化的发展目标.     

解决"三农"问题的新思路

过去我们解决"三农"问题,更多地注重于从农村内部去考虑。党的十六大报告提出"统筹城乡经济社会发展"的大原则,为我们解决"三农"问题提供新的思路。概括起来三句话:全面繁荣农村经济,推进农村工业化,加快城镇化进程。当前我国"三农"所面临的问题,如果局限在农村内部做文章,是根本不可能解决的。必须把"三农"问题与农村工业化和城镇化结合起来,用城乡统筹的眼光去解决。     

以先进文化培育民族精神

民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。它是一个开放的价值体系 ,在不同的历史时期具有不同的具体内容。必须结合时代和社会发展的要求赋予其新的内容 ,以体现时代特征的先进文化来培育民族精神。     

高职高专专业英语教学的思考

专业英语有其自身的特点,其教学既区别于传授专业知识的专业课,又区别于传授语言知识的普通英语。     

组织变革中的企业内分工--对Becker-Murphy分工模型的扩展

建立在亚当.斯密分工理论基础之上的经典的企业组织形式,从20世纪80年代开始发生了动摇。团队生产、多任务的小组(或者个人)的生产组织形式开始在企业中出现并不断扩展。然而这种组织变革的发生难以用传统的分工理论来解释。本文通过对Becker-Murphy分工模型的扩展,说明组织变革发生的原因。发现在分工深化的同时协调成本的上升,以及协调成本背后知识的分工与整合,是企业内分工或者说企业组织变革的主要原因。