政府补助企业的主要动机研究——基于我国A股上市公司面板数据的实证检验

上市公司获得的政府补助数额巨大且逐年增长，引起了广泛的质疑，而现有研究对政府补助企业的动机尚无一致的结论。基于理性经济人理论，考虑制度更改和环境变化的影响，以2007—2015年我国上市公司为研究样本，实证检验政府补助企业的主要动机，结果表明：政府补助企业的主要动机在于扩大就业和帮助上市公司“保牌”，最终目的是促进经济的增长；而增加税收和帮助上市公司达到配股要求不是政府补助企业主要考虑的因素，也没有明显证据证明国有企业比民营企业更容易获得政府补助。应完善资本市场退市制度，加强对政府补助的审批和监管，提高政府补助的资源配置效率，并积极引导政府补助发挥更好的社会效益。     

Subprime governance: Agency costs in vertically integrated banks and the 2008 mortgage crisis

Research summary: This study uses the 2008 mortgage crisis to demonstrate how the relationship between vertical integration and performance crucially depends on corporate governance. Prior research has argued that the vertical integration of mortgage origination and securitization aligned divisional incentives and improved lending quality. We show that vertical integration improved loan performance only in those firms with strong corporate governance and that this performance‐integration relationship strongly decreases and actually reverses as governance quality decreases. We interpret these findings as suggesting that the additional control afforded by vertical integration can, in the hands of poorly monitored managers, offset gains from aligned divisional incentives. These findings support the view that corporate governance influences the strategic outcomes of a firm, in our case, by influencing the effectiveness of boundary decisions. Managerial summary: One of the unanswered questions of the 2008 mortgage crisis is why some firms produced toxic mortgages and others did not. Many have argued that vertically integrated banks—banks that both originated and securitized mortgages—had incentives to monitor themselves and thereby avoid overaggressive lending and outright fraud. Yet many of the worst lenders, such as Washington Mutual and New Century Financial, were in fact integrated. This study shows that the behavior of these firms critically depended on their corporate governance. We find that poorly monitored executives used their additional control over the integrated businesses to issue low quality loans that supported short‐term growth. Our results suggest that governance is a crucial prerequisite for financial services, particularly for firms whose managers control multiple, interrelated businesses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dimensions of strategic intervention for risk reduction and mitigation: a case study of the MV Sewol incident

Organizations in disaster management system should learn from previous experience and strategically use their lesson for the refinement of a system’s competencies for risk management. However, the MV Sewol incident revealed the absence of the organizational learning in the Korean disaster management system. With mixed methods of content analysis, in-depth interview, and social network analysis, this study identified key failure factors in response to the incident and categorized them by managerial, structural, and institutional domains. While the Korean government took bold steps to rebuild its risk management system, those efforts were biased to structural reforms and lacked fundamental changes in human and informational resources management. Based on the findings, this study suggests the balanced efforts for system refinement for effective risk management.     

透过亚当斯领略黑白摄影的魅力

在漫长的黑白摄影发展的进程中,摄影大师安塞尔·亚当斯做出了卓越的贡献,尤其是"f64小组"和完善的区域曝光系统成为摄影史上的里程碑。黑、白、灰黑白摄影演绎着影调与影像的经典,即使在现代彩色摄影高度发展的今天,黑白摄影并没有失去它往日的光彩,也不会被彩色摄影所更替,它将以独特的魅力,以单纯、洗练、视觉冲击力强等审美优势继续发展,创造更多视觉财富。     

上海市第三方文付业务发展趋势分析

第三方支付作为互联网金融业态的重要形式，不受时间和空间的限制．低廉的操作成本，也越来越得到互联网企业青睐，箕支付范围已经由电子商务领域向其他消费范畴发展。上海作为华东地区的核心城市，电子商务规模庞大，与之相关的衍生业务，如第三方支付等发展迅速。其支付内容、工具、范围也在不断变化，使得管理制度也需要不断调整。分析第三方支付业务的发展趋势，对于相关管理政策的制定，提高管理效率，降低管理成本，具有一定的积极意义。本文通过对上海地区第三方支付企业的调研，从业务类型、业务领域、业务形式、支付范畴、支付工具等内容出发，以消费者需求为基础，对第三方支付业务的发展趋势进行了分析，并且对第三方支付企业与银行的竞争与合作关系进行预测。     

面向职业能力培养的学习情境分层递进课程开发与实践——以《AVR单片机原理与应用》为例

为实现职业院校学生职业能力培养,提出学习情景分层递进开发原则,以项目为载体,实施从单元模块到系统设计的点面结合的训练方法,通过参与情境性学习与训练,养成满足职业需要的技能知识与素养,应用分层递进的原则设计从模块、项目最后到具体的学习情境构建完整的课程体系,经过多年教学实践取得显著效果.     

上市公司内部审计独立性的现状分析

独立性是内部审计的灵魂,是决定内部审计职能能否得到充分发挥和内部审计目标能否实现的关键因素。目前,我国上市公司内部审计部门主要隶属于董事会、审计委员会和总经理,并且隶属于审计委员会已经成为主流态势,独立性较高。内部审计独立性因上市公司的财务状况、控制人性质、所处行业、所在地区不同呈现出较为明显的差异。     

新疆油气资源税改革全国推广的借鉴意义

已经运行半年多的新疆油气资源税改革使油气企业的税负增加,地方财政增收效应显著,初显税改的目标定位。但在试点中暴露出来的计税依据不规范、综合减征率递减以及内外资企业税负不统一的问题,亟需在全面推开资源税改革方案时予以综合考虑,除此之外,还应适当提高现行税率,处理好资源税收入在各级政府间的分配,并在现行体制下同步推进资源税费改革,以此设计具体的改革方案和路径。     

我国未来几年技能型紧缺人才状况与趋势分析

通过我国目前技能型紧缺人才的现状分析,对未来几年技能型紧缺人才的状况与演变趋势加以研究和讨论,进一步提出我国的技能型人才的短缺已成为制约我国经济发展的瓶颈。     

社会稳定风险分析和评估工作操作简析

文章从社会稳定风险分析和评估的基本概念、评估时机、所依据的法律法规、审批权限、工作流程以及在评估工作中应注意的问题等6个方面项目详细介绍了社会稳定风险分析和评估工作。