Intellectual property rights,FDI, and technological development

This paper presents two simultaneous trade-offs faced by a developing country in protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs), namely (1) between attracting foreign direct investment and deterring international technology spillovers, and (2) between encouraging domestic innovation and suppressing technology diffusion. The optimal level of IPR protection depends on the technological capability of the host country. In less developed countries, IPRs should be just strong enough to induce FDI since international technology spillovers are the dominant source of technological development. A stronger level of IPR protection is instead recommended for more advanced emerging economies as a tool to exploit the potential of their domestic innovators. The results cast doubt on the adequacy of globally harmonized IPR standards that do not consider the level of development.     

IPR protection vs. innovation subsidy: What is the choice for the emerging South?

In this paper, we use a classical variety-expanding growth model to analyze the policy or institutional-arrangement choice for the Southern government who faces the tradeoff between imitating Northern innovation without cost and encouraging domestic innovation. We assume that the Southern government fully respects the principle of non-discrimination and hence treats both imitations, i.e., imitation of Northern innovation and imitation of domestic innovation, equally. For a given state of the economy, we explicitly and uniquely establish an optimal degree of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection for the South. Then, we find that there is a complementary relationship between optimal IPR protection and the innovation subsidy policy, which implies that they form an effective policy mix, hence offering a useful insight for avoiding ineffective policy conflicts widely occurred in real-world economies.     

IPR,Trade, FDI,and Technology Transfer

In this survey, we discuss how intellectual property rights （IPR） protection in the South affects trade flows, foreign direct investment （FDI） flows, and technology transfers from the North to the South. We also discuss optimal IPR policies and their effect on innovation. Our discussion covers both theoretical studies and empirical evidence. This survey is both comprehensive and critical. It aims to give readers the current state of IPR and globalization literature. Some issues have been studied more thoroughly, whereas for others the surface has only been scratched upon. This survey gives readers a clearer picture of the literature and may help them find future research topics.     

抽油机参数优化软件的研制

针对孤岛油田注聚驱抽油机井的生产特点,研究见聚油井的IPR曲线,运用系统工程理论和有杆抽油数学模拟方法开发注聚驱抽油机井参数优化软件,指导现场生产.通过使用该软件,对见聚油井的生产参数进行了调整,取得了较好的效果.     

外资开放引入的创新虹吸是否依然有效——基于知识产权价值激励的动态检验

在全面开放新格局与创新型国家建设战略驱动下，科学研判外资开放的创新虹吸效应至关重要，亟待破解的问题是如何有效撬动外资引入的创新溢出红利。基于内外技术势差探讨FDI创新虹吸的演化逻辑，阐释知识产权价值激励对FDI创新溢出的影响机制，基于中国（内地）30个省份面板数据实证研究发现，外资开放引入的创新虹吸效应并非静态不变，对区域创新发展呈现出边际递减的抑制性影响；借助高强度知识产权价值激励能够有效调节FDI的创新溢出轨迹，以“U”型规律打开外资引入的创新虹吸通道，驱动区域创新发展；知识产权价值激励的调节效应存在一定的空间异质性，对东部地区和中部地区FDI创新溢出的撬动更为有效。研究结论为优化外资开放引入与知识产权价值激励的共轨溢出，赋能创新型国家建设，提供了新的经验依据和路径启示。     

The timing of trademark application in innovation processes

An emerging stream of literature is studying the extent to which trademarks can be used to measure innovation. The picture of the usefulness of trademarks for innovation studies, however, is far from complete. Starting with cues from the patent literature, this paper studies the relationship between the timing of trademark applications and innovation. The trademark literature provides competing predictions on whether companies apply for trademarks early or late in the innovation process. Using a large sample of trademarks referring to innovation, we undertake a first empirical test of these predictions. Our findings suggest that in many instances reality is not as clear cut as the predictions suggest. However, when trademark data is combined with data on firm age, sector and size it is possible to predict whether a trademark refers to early or late-stage innovation.     

网络联结、知识产权保护与创新绩效

基于社会网络分析法，以2011—2016年创业板上市公司为对象，用独立董事间的连锁关系反映样本企业社会网络弱联结关系,用地理及行业关系反映社会网络强联结关系，以此检验不同网络联结强度对企业创新绩效的影响。结果显示，社会网络强联结和弱联结均能促进企业创新。在此基础上，利用5个指标构建我国省际知识产权保护水平指数，验证了知识产权保护对于网络联结强度和创新绩效存在一定调节效用。结论为企业创新发展提供了新视角。     

Quid pro quo and the enforcement of intellectual property rights protection: A bargaining approach

This article models a North–South negotiation where the North provides a quid pro quo in exchange for the strengthening of the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in the South. We show that when Northern and Southern firms compete on quantity in the Southern market, the South's optimal choice is either complete protection or complete violation, irrespective of different levels of IPR protection being available. We show this to depend on the Southern government's valuation of the quid pro quo and the Northern firm's level of technology.     

知识产权法演进及社会属性的经济学分析

知识产权法的产生、发展具有鲜明的历史性和社会性,本文在阐述知识产权法历史演进过程的基础上,对各社会形态下知识产权法的社会属性进行了辨析,并着重讨论了资本主义知识产权法的立法依据、社会属性及发展特征,最后,对社会主义知识产权法的本质属性及发展对策提出若干看法。