CEO任期、CEO权力集中度与中国制造企业自主创新能力——基于中国制造业上市公司2006—2017年的经验证据

本文以中国制造业上市公司2006—2017年数据为研究对象,以CEO权力集中度为调节变量探讨了CEO任期与中国制造企业自主创新能力之间的关系,研究发现:①长期意义上CEO任期越长,越有利于自主创新能力提升;②CEO权力集中度越高,越有利于自主创新能力提升;③CEO权力集中度与CEO任期有"伴随效应",能够扩张CEO任期对自主创新能力的正向效应,正所谓"用人不疑,疑人不用";④在当前,国有制造企业更应注重CEO任期对自主创新能力的积极作用,应考虑增加国企CEO任期;而民营制造企业要注重公司治理结构中CEO权力集中度。结论具有稳健性。     

旅游者自主性非生态行为的心理学分析与治理对策

在国内外的旅游过程中，我国旅游者往往有较多不道德、低素质行为发生，不仅损害了景区和其他旅游者的利益，也抹黑了我国形象，已成为社会普遍关注的问胚。对旅游者自主性的非生态行为进行了分类研究，并利用心理学与行为学的理论与方法，分析了旅游者做出此类行为的心理因素和外部因素，进而结合游客管理的知识提出了相应的治理对策。     

政府补贴能否促进高新技术企业的自主创新？——来自中关村的证据

中国政府对高新技术企业投入了大量补贴以激励它们创新,但是对补贴效果的研究并未达成一致结论。基于中关村3万多个高新技术企业2001-2012年的观察值,本文同时采用PSM与DID法对政府补贴的效果进行了研究,结果发现:第一,整体而言,政府补贴显著提高了创新经费支出、新产品销售收入和专利申请数量;第二,进一步将创新细分为自主创新和购买引进新技术之后发现,政府补贴存在“挤出效应”:被补贴企业的自主创新明显下降,而购买引进新技术显著增加;第三,政府补贴对企业的短期创新激励有显著的促进作用,但是对长期创新激励的促进作用不显著。本文对高新技术企业的补贴效果提供了实证绩效评估,所得出的结论有助于政府优化和调整激励创新政策。     

Independent directors and earnings management: The moderating effects of controlling shareholders and the divergence of cash-flow and control rights

The research results on the suppressing effect of independent directors on earnings management are not consistent in existing literature. In addition, it has been argued that using financial statements provided by top management to investigate top management's earnings management is not appropriate. Therefore, the purpose of this study is twofold. First, we used external auditors (including the auditors of Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation and the auditors of two Big Four accounting firms – Deloitte & Touche and KPMG in Taiwan) as respondents in order to obtain less biased data. Second, we investigate the moderating effects of controlling shareholders and the divergence of cash-flow and control rights on the relationship between independent directors and earnings management. The results show that both the existence of controlling shareholders and the divergence of cash-flow and control rights have significant suppressing effects on the relationship between independent directors and earnings management. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.     

Does CEO duality constrain board independence? Some evidence from audit pricing

This study examines whether CEO duality affects the association between board independence and demand for higher quality audits, proxied by audit fee. The findings show that there is a positive association between board independence and audit fees. This result is consistent with findings of Carcello et al. (2002) that more independent boards demand higher audit quality and effort. However, this positive association is only present in firms without CEO duality, thus suggesting that CEO duality constrains board independence. The results support recommendations against CEO duality by showing that dominant CEOs may compromise the independence of their board of directors. Additionally, evidence is provided that board size (the number of directors on the board) is positively associated with audit fee pricing. This is consistent with prior studies that indicate that larger board sizes are associated with inefficiency and negative firm performance.     

Synergizing independent and cooperative R&D activities: the effects of organisational slack and absorptive capacity

Firms undertaking independent and cooperative research and development (R&D) activities simultaneously often have difficulties to realise their synergistic effects. This study contends that such difficulties are caused by tensions between two types of R&D activities in terms of resource competition and knowledge leakage. Moreover, organisational slack and absorptive capacity may affect these tensions and thereby play important role in synergizing independent and cooperative R&D activities. Based on a survey data of 286 firms, this study finds that such two types of R&D activities jointly have a negative impact on firm performance. Furthermore, organisational slack aids in synergizing them, while absorptive capacity has an adverse impact. These findings enrich our knowledge on the interrelation of independent and cooperative R&D activities and shed light on how firms can synergize them.     

研发模式对制造业企业创新绩效的影响

将企业研发模式分为自主研发、合作研发和双重研发三种，使用世界银行对中国制造业企业的调查数据，通过倾向得分匹配方法探究不同研发模式对企业创新绩效的作用效果及其在异质性企业中的差异情况。全样本研究结果表明：企业双重研发对创新绩效的激励效果最好，合作研发的激励效果次之，自主研发的激励效果最弱。企业异质性研究结果显示：自主研发对高成长性企业创新绩效的激励效果最显著，合作研发对低成长性企业和小微企业的激励效果最显著；对于无融资约束的企业，双重研发模式是提升创新绩效的最佳选择，但是对有融资约束的企业，其提升效果最弱。     

Guest satisfaction in independent and affiliated to chain hotels

In the hotel sector, two basic organisational forms can be distinguished, independent and chain-affiliated, which reflects in the entities' management processes and in the dimensions of the hotel service. Guest satisfaction is the determinant of and the secret to success in the hotel industry, nevertheless the comparison of customer satisfaction of both operational models is scarce. The main goal of this work is to determine whether those differences exist, considering the geographical scope and size of the chain in linked hotels. Customer satisfaction was analysed in 404 four and five-star hotels, measured through the hotel ratings from online travel agent Booking.com, in two tourism destinations in Spain using the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results obtained indicate that the superiority in customer satisfaction of one of these management forms shows for specific dimensions of the service provided.     

技术锁定对创新绩效的影响：创新模式的调节作用

创新是引领发展的第一动力,当前我国经济发展已从创新数量转移到创新质量上来。聚焦技术创新过程中形成的技术锁定效应,运用DEA-SBM测度技术锁定效应并分析其发展趋势,检验技术锁定效应对创新绩效的影响,并寻找解锁技术锁定负效应的调节机制。研究发现：技术锁定效应显著抑制创新绩效提升,在经过一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立。技术创新模式中的技术引进和自主创新对技术锁定负效应具有显著正向调节作用,且自主创新投入可以深度缓解技术锁定对创新绩效的消极影响;消化吸收能力在技术引进与自主创新之间发挥创新路径枢纽作用,表现为创新模式一体化的调节作用可以显著缓解技术锁定负效应。另外,异质性检验结果发现,创新能力不同未造成明显的技术锁定效应差异。研究结论对于积极调控我国技术锁定效应、推动创新驱动发展战略实施、促进经济高质量发展具有重要意义。     

基于演化博弈企业创新模式的策略研究

处于不同生命周期的企业面临的策略选择是不同的,通过博弈模型的假设,分析了企业合作与竞争的影响因素,结合企业不同发展阶段的影响因素的特点,提出了不同阶段的策略模式选择。从企业的不同生命周期的模型假设看出,竞争与合作策略选择是随着企业不同的发展阶段,各自的成本,收益以及在市场上是否处于有利地位的不同而不同的。对于企业而言,处于不同的生命周期,其面对的内外部环境是不同的,因此选择不同的战略模式,即选择不同降段的创新模式来实现各自更好更快的发展。