甘蔗测土配方施肥技术的效益分析

测土配方施肥技术是根据一定的作物产量的需肥量、土壤的供肥量和肥料的当年利用率来确定施肥量的技术。在甘蔗上的应用表明,正确使用这一技术可以收到很好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。     

基于主成分分析的广西甘蔗种植面积时空变化及驱动力研究

以广西1998~2012年与甘蔗种植面积有关的数据为基础,通过制作面积变化曲线和分布图,对甘蔗种植面积时间分布和空间分布情况进行分析,得出甘蔗种植面积的时空分布情况及其规律;通过主成分分析和多元线性回归方法,定性与定量相结合揭示广西甘蔗种植面积的驱动力。研究结果表明:11998年以来,广西甘蔗种植面积总体呈上升趋势,15年来净增加51.4万hm2,2008年以来基本稳定在110万hm2左右。2广西的崇左、来宾、南宁、柳州等4个市为甘蔗种植优势产区,种植面积占67.0%;百色、河池、防城港、钦州、北海、贵港6市甘蔗种植面积不大、密度不高,作为优势产区的有力补充;贺州、梧州、桂林、玉林等4市为非优势产区,已基本退出糖料蔗生产。3广西甘蔗种植面积变化的主驱动力为耕作条件、甘蔗价格和农业人口,甘蔗价格、农业机械总动力、农林牧渔业从业人员和耕地面积对甘蔗种植面积的影响较大,可以通过开发适宜的农业机械、完善价格体系和建立示范基地等途径,稳定甘蔗种植面积。     

产糖区利用生物质制备乙酰丙酸的研究进展

在蔗糖业中开展生物炼制，利用生物质开发绿色平台小分子（如乙酰雨酸），是解决能源危机的重要途径，也符合蔗糖业规避风险和提高市场应变能力的要求。文章分析了蔗糖制备乙酰丙酸的原理和催化剂选择，并以几种固体无机酸催化为例说明，制备中可采用超声一微波协同技术提高生产效率，高效液相色谱法在分离提纯产品中能发挥较好作用。     

Diversification choices in agriculture: a Choice Modelling case study of sugarcane growers

Growers in the sugarcane industry have been struggling under financial pressure for several years. One option to improve farm viability might be to diversify farm enterprise income. Choice Modelling, an economic valuation technique, was used to explore the trade-offs growers make between different attributes of diversification, and how their choices may be related to certain socio-economic characteristics. Application of the technique involved surveys of cane growers in three regions of Central Queensland. This is a novel approach to assessing grower intentions that has the potential to reveal detailed information about influences on grower choices.     

甘蔗新品种园林17号在广西蔗区的栽培适应性研究

以当地主栽品种新台糖22号、新台糖16号为对照,在广西5个不同生态蔗区开展甘蔗新良种园林17号1年新植蔗、1年宿根蔗栽培适应性试验,研究园林17号主要农艺性状和经济性状在不同生态蔗区的综合表现,为加快园林17号的繁殖和推广提供参考。结果表明：园林17号的萌芽率、分蘖率、宿根发株数、有效茎数、茎径、单茎重等性状均优于对照,蔗糖分稍低于对照,平均蔗茎产量7419．0m^2／667m^2、亩含糖量1078．4m^2／667m^2,分别比对照提高14．81％、12．52％。应用模糊评分法作综合评判结果,园林17号春植蔗、宿根蔗主要农艺性状和经济性状在不同生态蔗区的综合表现均优于对照,在桂中、桂中北蔗区较对照品种的优势比桂南、桂东、桂西蔗区更明显。因此,园林17号适宜在广西各主要蔗区推广种植,尤以在桂中、桂中北蔗区的应用推广潜力更大。     

甘蔗收获机械智能设计系统中关联规则的评价方法

针对甘蔗收获机械的特点,运用基于信息扩散理论的自动评价方法,对基础数据库提取的关联规则进行评价。通过砍蔗知识库中的实例运行检验,结果证明,该评价方法可以发现可靠性更高的知识和意外规则,为甘蔗收获机械智能设计提供知识支持。     

The social construction of “shared growth”: Zambia Sugar and the uneven terrain of social benefit

Recent years have witnessed a growing trend in agricultural investment and large‐scale farmland acquisition in the Global South and a rapid expansion of scholarship and public debate over the nature, consequences, and desirability of these trends. The polarization of this debate into “win/lose” narratives raises the question of whether, and under what conditions, the logic of capital accumulation driving farmland acquisition and investment can engender broad‐based social benefits akin to “shared growth.” This paper sheds light on this question through a detailed look at the recent expansion of Zambia Sugar's Nakambala Estate in Mazabuka, Zambia. We explore outcomes linked to two of the most prominent pathways through which social benefits are said to accrue: smallholder incorporation and employment. Findings demonstrate the unevenness of outcomes linked to both pathways, with the concrete benefits both claimed and observed through some measures quickly eroding under the weight of alternative performance metrics. The unevenness produced by the intensification of capitalist relations is manifested not just between those differentially positioned with respect to the incoming investment (“outgrower,” “employee,” and “land loser”) but within each of those conditions. This ambiguity opens spaces for competing representations of the promises and pitfalls of these processes, while highlighting the shaky ground on which shared growth and inclusive business agendas stand.     

城镇化进程中民族地区蔗民的生存困境及出路探究——以广西柳州市柳城县为例

通过走访广西省柳州市柳城县的露糖、凤山、柳城、六糖四个糖厂的生产部和农业科以及糖厂周边的马山、东泉、锡安、太田等十多个乡镇的蔗农,针对蔗农所出现的生存困境进行探究,对城镇化与工业化进程与蔗民的生存现状产生的矛盾、蔗农与企业之间的矛盾和蔗农与政府之间的矛盾分析其中对柳州市甘蔗产业发展的影响,分析讨论出蔗农未来可能存在的生存困境以及针对此问题相应的解决办法,并且对当地甘蔗产业发展限制性因素提出了合理的解决办法.     

Private transaction costs of participation in water quality improvement programs for Australia's Great Barrier Reef: Extent,causes and policy implications

The direct private cost to landholders of participating in programs that result in improved farming activities (IFAs) is generally well understood. However, the private indirect or transaction costs, such as the cost of a landholder's time and the expense to learn about IFAs and apply for assistance to implement these changes on‐farm, are not so well understood. Where these have been studied, they have been shown to be extensive. We assess the extent and causes of private transaction costs incurred by sugarcane growers participating in the Australian Government's Reef Rescue scheme which pays farmers to adopt environmentally beneficial farm management practices. Utilising a mail‐out‐mail‐back survey of 110 growers, we found that the average total transaction cost per farm of participating in the program was AU$8389. The average total transaction costs per farm as a percentage of the average funding provided was 38 per cent. We also assessed which type of improved farming activity (soil, nutrient, pest or water management) generated the greatest transaction costs and how landholder characteristics such as bounded rationality, opportunism and social connection impacted on the extent of transaction costs.