Banks' interest rate risk: the net interest income perspective versus the market value perspective

We use portfolios of passive investment strategies to replicate the interest risk of banks' banking books. The following empirical statements are derived. (i) Changes in banks' market value and in their net interest income are highly correlated, irrespective of the banks' portfolio composition. (ii) However, banks' portfolio composition has a huge impact on the ratio of changes in net interest income relative to changes in market value. These results are important for the design and interpretation of interest rate stress tests for banks.     

A Behavioral Shift in Earnings Response After Regulation FD

The Regulation Fair Disclosure of 1999 (FD) intends to promote the full and fair disclosure of price information and further prevent insider trading. As a result, the public investors are expected to be empowered with more quality and relevant information. This study examines a behavioral shift in investor reaction to quarterly earnings announcements after the passage of the FD due to the expected improvement in information asymmetry. The empirical findings suggest that investors show a behavioral shift after the FD in response to biased earnings forecasts. Investors become more active in that they place a discount on optimistic earnings forecasts during the earnings announcement period. It is less obvious that they place a premium on pessimistic forecasts. Another coherent finding is that investors attempt to correct for the announcement-period mis-adjustments during the post-announcement period.     

Urban agglomeration, wages and selection: Evidence from samples of siblings

The large and significant relationship between city population and wages has been well-established in the agglomeration literature, and the influence of selection effects on this wage premium is important. This paper contributes new evidence to the understanding of this premium by using two different data sets of siblings in order to estimate the agglomeration premium while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity with a family-specific fixed effect. The inclusion of a familial fixed effect into the regression framework makes the city size wage premium insignificant, and there is a large return to a variable representing the correlation between familial ability and residence in an urban area in all of the data sets used in the analysis. The results are discussed in the context of the existing literature, and they demonstrate the importance of family background and selection effects for interpreting the agglomeration premium, which is small in the fixed effects regression.     

Extension services,product quality and yields: the case of grapes in Argentina

This article studies the impact of publicly subsidized agricultural extension services on yields and product quality. We use panel data from grape producers in Mendoza, Argentina to estimate the impacts of farmer trainings. We find a negative overall impact on yields and evidence of a positive average impact on the adoption of higher‐quality grape varieties. By analyzing the dynamic pattern of the estimated effects, we find evidence of a temporary decrease in yields suggesting the existence of an adjustment process following the introduction of higher‐quality grapes. The overall negative effect on yield is driven by a sharp drop in the year of participation. This fades after year one, and two to three years after treatment we observe increases in higher‐quality grape production. Findings reinforce the importance of temporal dimension of extension services.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

美国固定收入证券市场监管及其启示

从美国证券交易委员会到市场自律组织,它们所制定的法律法规、市场监管行为和对欺诈、操纵市场的处罚、诉讼及在重大事件的处理中,都以保护投资者的利益为目的,充分调动了投资者监督发行人及市场中介机构的积极性。     

AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE HANGOVER EFFECT OF IRREVERSIBILITY ON INVESTMENT

Irreversibility does not only raise the user cost of capital and discourage new investment but also hinders disinvestment because of the hangover effect. This paper derives a theoretical model that separates the impact of conventional convex adjustment costs from the impact of irreversibility, based on which we test the hangover effect of irreversibility by using a panel of Dutch listed firms during 1985–2000. We find that the sample firms cut both the capital stock and the inventory stock facing shocks to sales and cash flow, but they cut the inventory stock by a larger magnitude than they cut the capital stock. Given that fixed investment is more irreversible than inventory investment, the result suggests that the diminished impact of irreversibility provides the firm with more flexibility in responding to uncertainty, which lends support for the hangover effect of irreversibility on investment.     

反倾销、贸易政策不确定性与中国企业高质量出口

贸易摩擦和保护主义频发加剧了贸易不确定性。本文试图从反倾销引致的贸易政策不确定性(TPU)这一新视角阐述微观企业如何应对不利冲击以实现高质量出口。基于全球反倾销数据和高度细化的海关数据匹配得到的2000-2008年样本数据,利用高维面板固定效应估计模型,本文对TPU如何影响多产品企业高质量出口进行了实证检验。研究发现：①TPU提高,会倒逼企业升级出口产品质量,考虑逆向因果等潜在内生性问题之后,结果依然稳健。②企业内产品转换是TPU倒逼出口企业产品质量升级的主要作用机制。③异质性分析发现,加工贸易、外资企业、资本品行业和高技术行业中,这一倒逼效应更显著。在国际价值链断裂加剧贸易不确定性的新形势下,本文对于深刻理解TPU和高水平对外开放之间的关联具有重要意义。     

中国农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素

本文采用2003~2010年全国农村固定观察点微观住户调查数据,应用统计性描述和计量分析方法,研究了我国农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素。研究发现：农户收入水平及增速均滞后于城镇居民,其主要收入来源是劳动性收入,资产性收入的比例较低。农户收入水平的影响因素是多元和复杂的,既有产业差异、区域分割、制度与政策等宏观因素,也有农户人力资本积累、物质资本投入、金融资产与社会资本拥有、农户家庭特征等微观因素。金融资产和区域经济发展水平等因素对农户收入的影响是全面性的,人力资本、物质资本、金融资产、社会资本及制度与政策等因素对农户收入的影响是结构性的。     

中小制造企业资源累积对其战略转型的影响机制研究

战略转型是中小制造企业战胜危机,获取持续竞争优势的重要途径之一。考虑到企业资源对企业战略转型的重大影响,本研究基于资源累积的视角,提出资源惯性的概念,并构建出资源惯性与转型路径依赖、资源惯性与转型路径选择之间的关系模型框架,以探究企业资源累积对战略转型的影响机制。研究结果表明,企业内部沉淀性资源累积通过资源惯性对战略转型产生消极影响。