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101.
Several confidence intervals for the regression estimator are surveyed. A Monte Carlo experiment, based on the NETER and LOEBBECKE (1975) populations, gives estimated coverages and lengths of the different confidence intervals. One interval is exact under the assumption of multivariate normal distributions; it gives longer intervals (hence better coverages) than the interval based on a popular variance estimator. An interval due to ROBERTS (1970) is much too long. Jackknifing gives robust intervals. Rules of thumb for practitioners are given.  相似文献   
102.
    
When there is insufficient internal and external impetus for developing countries’ economy, building a domestic and international dual circulation is conducive to promoting the regional industrial growth. On the basis of regional embedded international input-output tables, this paper extends the measurement framework of production position and proposes the concept of the dual value chain, which measure production position that unifies the national and global value chains from forward and backward industrial linkages. We decompose the national and global value chains into three categories and investigate the production position characteristics of China with a multi-dimensional perspective. Consistent evidence shows that a feasible path of technological progress in optimizing the production in value chains in which technological progress plays a crucial role on the pure national value chain across the high-tech manufacturing sector, the eastern and central regions. Their posterior probabilities are 0.96, 0.21and 0.86, respectively. Moreover, the impact on the dual production is nonnegligible that the posterior probability of technological progress on the eastern and central regions is 0.40 and 0.92. In addition, the impact of the Chinese economic stimulus program and technological progress on the economic crisis has a certain moderating effect. Our proposed evaluation framework sheds new light that national value chain production can boost economic growth,and further promote the coordinated of regional industries for developing countries.  相似文献   
103.
Survey data are used to investigate the very long spending lags estimated in neoclassical studies of investment expenditures. Neoclassical investment theory has trouble explaining the length of these lags. By recognizing the Austrian concept of the capital structure and applying it to the problem, the present paper explains the length of these lags as proceeding from interactions between types of capital. Austrian arguments stemming from Austrian business-cycle theory seem to be needed to explain these lags. JEL Code E3, E4, C1  相似文献   
104.
刘双龙  高博 《价值工程》2012,31(6):27-28
页岩气作为一种新兴能源,得到国家与各个能源公司的重视。我国页岩气资源十分丰富,但是我国的页岩气勘探开发刚刚起步。目前广泛采用水平井开发页岩气藏,采用较大的水平段长度可以获得较高的采收率和较大的采油速度,但成本必然相应地增加,采用较小的水平段长度,可以降低成本,但会影响采油速度和最终采收率。由此看来,对于某一具体的水平井,必然存在一个合理水平段长度。本文从采油工程的角度研究页岩气水平井段最优长度的确定方法。  相似文献   
105.
    
The joint provision of audit and non‐audit services by incumbent auditors has been intensively debated in the literature. The basic issue is that, while non‐audit services can impair auditor independence, knowledge spillovers from these services can reduce the audit cost. This is an important trade‐off for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) that depend on their auditors for non‐audit services. Using data from 322 Swedish SMEs, this study investigates the choice of purchasing non‐audit services from the incumbent auditor and other audit firms. We hypothesize, and find, that the length of the auditor‐client relationship is positively related to the purchase of non‐audit services from incumbent auditors. Also, we find a positive association between perceived quality of audit services and the likelihood of a client purchasing non‐audit services from the auditor. However, unlike studies of publicly traded companies, agency variables do not drive the purchase of non‐audit services by SMEs.  相似文献   
106.
    
We extend the existing framework for decomposition of production length structure in global value chains and propose a novel concept and measure of industrial chain risk exposure on both the demand-side and supply-side at the region-sector level in China. Using data from WIOD, ADB-MRIOT, and China's multi-regional input-output tables, we measure and analyze the industrial chain risk exposures, and risk-return ratios on the demand-side and supply-side of each region-sector in China from 2002 to 2017. Our results reveal the following key insights: First, inland regions exhibit high domestic industrial chain risk exposures, while coastal regions have high global industrial chain risk exposures, a pattern consistent at the region-industry level. Furthermore, demand-side industrial chain risk exposures surpass supply-side exposures within region-sectors. Second, High-tech manufacturing industries display greater risk exposure compared to other sectors. Third, Guangdong and Shanghai, as the main regions of China's international trade, share similar global industrial chain risk exposures to those of Germany and South Korea. Fourth, the bilateral demand-side exposures of the industrial chains in each region are asymmetric.  相似文献   
107.
Justin Choe 《Applied economics》2019,51(24):2591-2605
Using real-life sports data of Major League Baseball, this paper investigates whether professional players follow the minimax theorem in their strategies. Our empirical results using the 2010 regular-season data show that baseball players do not optimize their strategies: there is a significant difference in their payoffs across strategies, and the sequence of their strategy choices is predictable from their previous actions. Further analysis using individual salaries and key contract variables indicates that a higher salary has a positive impact on following minimax strategies in the regular season. By contrast, a longer contract decreases a player’s incentive to pursue optimal strategies in the postseason. These results have important implications for compensation practices in various fields.  相似文献   
108.
    
The same high labor supply elasticity that characterizes a representative family model with indivisible labor and employment lotteries also emerges without lotteries when self-insuring individuals choose interior solutions for their career lengths. Off corners, the more elastic is an earnings profile to accumulated working time, the longer is a workerʼs career. Negative (positive) unanticipated earnings shocks reduce (increase) the career length of a worker holding positive assets, while the effects are the opposite for a worker with negative assets. By inducing a worker to retire at an official retirement age, government provided social security can attenuate responses of career lengths to earnings profile slopes, earnings shocks, and taxes.  相似文献   
109.
Approximately 60 percent of adjacent fiscal quarters contain a different number of calendar days. In preliminary analyses, we find the change in quarter length is significantly associated with the changes in sales and earnings and that analysts condition on the prior quarter's results when making their forecasts. These results indicate that it is important for analysts to adjust for changes in quarter length when making forecasts. However, we find the quarterly change in days is positively associated with analysts’ sales and earnings forecasts errors, where forecast error equals the actual earnings minus the forecasted earnings. These results indicate that analysts systematically underestimate (overestimate) performance when quarter length increases (decreases). We find evidence indicating investors make similar errors as returns around earnings announcements are positively associated with the change in quarter length, but only when changes in firm performance is more sensitive to changes in quarter length. Corroborating these findings, managers are more (less) likely to discuss quarter length during conference calls when quarter length decreases (increases). These results are consistent with managers’ strategic disclosure incentives. In summary, our evidence suggests analysts and investors fail to fully take account of the quasi-mechanical effect that quarter length has on firm performance and managers strategically alter their voluntary disclosures to take advantage of these failures.  相似文献   
110.
测量不确定度在实际工作中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
国家校准实验室的认证,计量标准技术报告的建立,检定/校准证书的出具等,都要求检测部门必须提供准确可靠的检测数据,这些检测数据最终还是用测量不确定度来表示。因此,在质量管理和质量保证中,测量不确定度是我们从事计量工作的技术人员必须掌握的理论知识,并以4个实例说明测量不确定度在实际工作中的具体应用。  相似文献   
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