测定联邦止咳露中3种成分——用多波长直线回归分光光度法

采用多波长直线回归分光光度法 ,不经提取分离 ,直接测定联邦止咳露中磷酸可待因、盐酸麻黄碱和扑尔敏 3种组分的含量。磷酸可待因、盐酸麻黄碱和扑尔敏的回收率和相对标准偏差分别为 98.82 % ,0 .86% ;97.2 8% ,1 .1 0 %和 98.0 8% ,0 .96%。     

基于旅游者角度的中国旅游区划分研究

根据游客消费行为特征中的旅游者访问频率、逗留时间以及旅游景点市场份额之间的关系,本文引入旅游显性比较优势、旅游位序比指数,采用四象限分类法将旅游区分为重点旅游区、深渊旅游区、崛起旅游区和传统旅游区四类。本文进一步结合Bulter的旅游地生命周期理论和Plog的旅游者心理学分类理论研究基于旅游者角度的旅游区划分在旅游市场营销中以及旅游流预测中的应用价值。     

基于不对称信息的试用期员工能力识别工具分析

在新《劳动合同法》颁布实施后,对试用期时间和试用期工资有了更明确的规定。在传统招聘识别的基础上,基于企业招聘的流程与任务,利用减少业主与员工间不对称信息的途径,提出试用期识别新员工能力的三种组合方法,以期对企业确定最优试用期与最优试用期工资数量及结构有所帮助。     

基于孔径长度域重采样的快速恒定束宽波束形成

为解决宽带阵列天线波束宽度抖动的问题,在分析阵元权系数和阵列方向图傅里叶变换关系的基础上,提出了一种基于孔径长度域重采样的快速恒定束宽宽带波束形成方法。该方法通过期望方向图的傅里叶反变换获取孔径长度域上的权系数曲线,然后用不同的采样间隔对该权系数曲线进行重采样得到不同频率下的阵元权系数。由于仅需进行一次积分运算,该方法具有运算量小、速度快的特点。为使阵列方向图在恒定束宽的基础上具有更好的方向性,通过对孔径长度域拟合度的分析给出了期望方向图的设计方法。仿真结果表明所提方法可以快速形成方向性较好的宽带阵列恒定束宽方向图。     

Career length: Effects of curvature of earnings profiles,earnings shocks,taxes, and social security

The same high labor supply elasticity that characterizes a representative family model with indivisible labor and employment lotteries also emerges without lotteries when self-insuring individuals choose interior solutions for their career lengths. Off corners, the more elastic is an earnings profile to accumulated working time, the longer is a workerʼs career. Negative (positive) unanticipated earnings shocks reduce (increase) the career length of a worker holding positive assets, while the effects are the opposite for a worker with negative assets. By inducing a worker to retire at an official retirement age, government provided social security can attenuate responses of career lengths to earnings profile slopes, earnings shocks, and taxes.     

Customer Environmental Values and Their Contribution to Loyalty in Industrial Markets

Concern over the effect of industries on the natural environment is growing on a multitude of levels. This study examines the effects of how perceptions of (a) environmental values, (b) green image and (c) perceived value of industrial customers influence their loyalty towards suppliers in existing relationships, and how the length of B2B relationships may moderate these linkages. A conceptual framework is developed and data are collected from a global sample (N =121) of B2B customers. We find that both green image and perceived value have a direct positive link with customer loyalty and that environmental values are positively linked to the green image of the supplier. Moreover, the effect of green image on loyalty is mediated by perceived value, with environmental values only indirectly linked with perceived value of the supplier. As the length of relationship increases, on one hand the positive relationship between green image and customer loyalty is strengthened, while on the other the positive relationship between environmental value and green image is weakened. Regardless of how environmentally aware the customer is, green image is a strong predictor of both perceived value and loyalty. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Accounting for length of hospital stay in regression models in clinical epidemiology

In hospital epidemiology, logistic regression is a popular model to study risk factors of hospital-acquired infections. One key issue in this analysis is how to incorporate the time dependency of acquiring an infection during the hospital stay. In the applied literature, researchers often simply adjust for the entire length of hospital stay, which also includes the time after infection. A further issue is that discharge and death are competing events for hospital-acquired infections. After discussing the limitations of logistic regression adjusted for length of stay in this setting, we compare this approach with appropriate analyses incorporating competing risks and with an illness–death model with hospital-acquired infection as an intermediate event. The cumulative incidence function, cause-specific hazard ratios, and subdistribution hazard ratios are considered as reference measures. Real-life and simulated data are used to demonstrate biases and limitations associated with logistic regression adjusted for length of stay. We conclude that logistic regression adjusted for length of stay should not be used when investigating hospital-acquired infections and that appropriate methods involving the use of multistate models should be used to capture the time dependency in time-to-event settings, especially in the presence of competing events.     

The impact of frailty on the economic evaluation of geriatric surgery: hospital costs and opportunity costs based on meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives: We used a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the difference in costs between surgery for frail and non-frail elderly patients. The opportunity cost of frailty in geriatric surgery is estimated using the results.

Methodology: Two literature reviews were carried out between 2000 and 2019: (1) studies comparing total hospital costs of frail and non-frail surgical patients; (2) studies evaluating the length of hospital stay and cost for surgical geriatric patients. We performed a meta-analysis of the items selected in the first review. We subsequently calculated the opportunity cost of frail patients, based on the design of a cost/time variable.

Results: Twelve articles in the first review were selected (272,717 non-frail and 16,461 frail). Fourteen articles were selected from the second review. Frail patients had higher hospital costs than non-frail patients (22,282.541 € and 16,388.844, p?<?.001) and a longer hospital stay (10.16 days and 8.4 (p?<?.001)). The estimated opportunity cost in frail patients is 1,019.56 € (cost/time unit factor of 579.30 €/day).

Conclusions: Frail surgical geriatric patients generate a higher total hospital cost, and an opportunity cost arising from not operating in the best possible state of health. Preoperatively treating the frailty of elderly patients will improve the use of health resources     

对OECD关于转让定价新规则“商业重构”的评述

本文围绕《OECD跨国企业与税务机关转让定价指南》第9章商业重构,以公平交易原则为标准,对跨国企业重构时关联企业之间的风险分配、重构补偿和重构后受控交易的报酬等内容进行了理论分析及实务解读。     

Designing monetary policy committees

We integrate monetary policy-making by committee into a New Keynesian model to assess the consequences of the committee׳s institutional characteristics for inflation, output, and welfare. Our analysis delivers the following results. First, we demonstrate that transparency about the committee׳s future composition is typically harmful. Second, we show that short terms for central bankers lead to effective inflation stabilization at the expense of comparably high output variability. Third, larger committees generally allow for more efficient stabilization of inflation but possibly for less efficient output stabilization. Fourth, large committees and short terms are therefore socially desirable if the weight on output stabilization in the social loss function is low. Fifth, we show that a central banker with random preferences may be preferable to a central banker who shares the preferences of society.