高校科技成果转化问题及对策研究——基于经济学视角

近些年我国在高校科技成果转化方面取得了一些成绩,但是从客观上来说,目前我国高校科技成果转化率还很低。本文以经济学最基础的供需理论为分析框架,通过分析目前高校科技成果转化存在的问题、症结,提出解决高校科技成果转化问题主要着力点为均衡各方利益诉求问题,结合政府干预和市场自行调节,实现科技成果加速转化。     

The Future European Labor Supply: The Critical Role of the Family

The European employment strategy initiated in 1997 is critically dependent upon the further integration of women into the labor market. The European Union has set a specific target employment rate for women of 60 percent by 2010 and is also committed to providing more and better child care facilities. This gender focus is reinforced by the requirement for gender mainstreaming in all aspects of European employment policy. There is an implied Europe-wide, universal policy of encouraging female labor-market participation and reducing the care work performed by domestic labor. However, the European Commission continues to have limited competence in areas of family, social, and welfare policy. As a result, these common employment objectives for women are thus being pursued against a background of quite different systems of social, family, welfare, and indeed labor-market organization. These systems have different economic and employment implications, such that the outcomes of the common European employment strategy will also be highly variable.     

A critique of high-value supply chains as a means of modernising agriculture in China: The case of the beef industry

China has embarked on an agricultural modernisation program with far-reaching implications for rural development, food safety and trade. A major focus of China’s agricultural modernisation program has been to build high-value supply chains and large, modern agro-industrial enterprises. This paper provides a critique of these efforts in the case of the high-value beef supply chain. It finds that interventionist policies to fast-track the development of high-value supply chains have perverse outcomes and that a more incremental and facilitative approach to modernisation should be pursued based around the development of mid-value supply chains.     

Corporate Portals for Supply Chain Collaboration

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the technological capabilities offered by the portal industry's key software vendors to support inter-firm design collaboration and supply chain integration. An analysis of the technology coverage and gaps is presented, with a focus on the opportunities available for portal software improvement. Challenges for collaboration and supply chain software, including security, external access and capabilities, bandwidth and communication standards are discussed, particularly in context with the demands of portal software users. As well, a picture of the current and future state of the marketplace is developed from an analysis of the market position and product direction of a selection of eight enterprise portal vendors.     

“唐斯定律”的对城市道路管理方式的启示——以上海为例

近年来，我国城市纷纷采用供给方管理的方式，通过增加道路来缓解民用汽车迅猛增长所导致的交通拥堵。在这样的情况下，研究城市道路管理的方式的合理性具有突出的理论与现实意义。本文通过对城市道路的提供方式与提供数量的分析，认为：基于城市道路消费的特殊性，其供给方管理导致的诱增交通在长期会使交通状况更加恶化，与“唐斯定律”相符。随后通过对上海地区的实证研究从客观交通状况的演变及城市道路使用者的主观需求变化角度分别对该结论作进一步验证。     

Analysis on supply chain risks in Indian apparel retail chains and proposal of risk prioritization model using Interpretive structural modeling

Indian apparel retail industry is on a complete transformation journey and trying to evolve as an organized industry. It is very common to find the disruption factors in every business and the ways to mitigate and manage them is of current research interest. The paper discusses the selective risks associated with the apparel retail supply chains in India by structural analysis of the controllable risks that are identified. The work also reveals the use of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) to establish the interdependencies between these risks spread across various supply chain functions of retail industry. The relationships are established based on expert opinions using Delphi technique followed by ISM modeling technique and Fuzzy MICMAC analysis. It also classifies the risk factors based on their driving and dependence power. ISM is proved to be a useful tool to help understand the impact of risks at stages of retail supply chain. Globalization, labor issues and security and safety of resources turns out to be the strong drivers of other supply chain uncertainties. The domino effect of these risks leads to financial crises for the organization.The paper also proposes a new model for the Risk Priority Number (RPN) calculation using ISM and Fuzzy MICMAC methodology for the applications in retail and various other domain risk studies. The sample size of experts is small and to remove the biasness of opinion, the model can be further validated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the future. The outcome would help practicing managers to analyze and to take actions for managing the factors by improving the bottom line of the organization by proper utilization of resources.     

城市发展对居住水平提高的绩效研究

城市居住水平提高是当前我国城市发展中面临的重要任务。城市发展带来居住水平提高，在不同城市间是有差异的。本文旨在运用DEA数据包络分析法，针对21世纪以来中国主要城市的发展水平与居住水平提高的实际绩效水平对比分析，从不同城市情况的比较分析中总结出问题及其形成原因，以期对城市的发展决策具有借鉴价值。     

MODELING UNCERTAIN FORECAST ACCURACY IN SUPPLY CHAINS WITH POSTPONEMENT

We examine a situation where a manufacturer operates in a two‐mode production environment. The first mode could involve overseas vendors and manufacturing facilities. If additional units are later required, the company must use its second mode—more expensive last‐minute domestic vendors and manufacturing sites. We develop a new methodology for analyzing the impact of forecast accuracy on the decision to postpone production. We examine the interaction of forecast accuracy, shortage vs. holding costs, transportation costs and the cost of postponing production in the supply chain of a single product facing uncertain demand. Our model can be used to analyze the cost of important changes, such as increasing forecast accuracy, reducing the cost of backorders, lowering the cost of delaying production, or lowering transportation costs. Our model allows a firm to understand its overall cost structure so that it can accurately evaluate the impact of improved forecast accuracy and lowered costs in the context of postponement.     

空分产品放空-供气自动调节的PID控制方法

本文使用一种分段控制方法，将空分产品管线的放空、供气阀门使用同一PID模块进行电流分段控制，从而解决了两阀门相关性问题，降低了控制成本，简化了控制难度。     

政府运行成本的比较研究——以沪、港政府为例

近年来,政府运行成本成为各国政府关注的一个重要问题,它不仅关系到政府自身效率的改进,而且影响到民众的福祉,以及整个社会经济的和谐发展。本文以沪、港政府为例,从经济学角度,利用财政支出等数据,阐述了两者在运行成本和结构上的差异,并分析了其中存在的原因,认为内地的地方政府需要降低运行成本,具体措施可以借鉴香港地区政府的成功经验,如改变政府运行理念、构建公共财政体系等,并提出了一些相关的政策建议。