Bunker consumption optimization methods in shipping: A critical review and extensions

It is crucial nowadays for shipping companies to reduce bunker consumption while maintaining a certain level of shipping service in view of the high bunker price and concerned shipping emissions. After introducing the three bunker consumption optimization contexts: minimization of total operating cost, minimization of emission and collaborative mechanisms between port operators and shipping companies, this paper presents a critical and timely literature review on mathematical solution methods for bunker consumption optimization problems. Several novel bunker consumption optimization methods are subsequently proposed. The applicability, optimality, and efficiency of the existing and newly proposed methods are also analyzed. This paper provides technical guidelines and insights for researchers and practitioners dealing with the bunker consumption issues.     

浅谈新形势下建筑工程合同管理存在的主要问题和解决途径

结合《工程量清单计价规范》、《建设工程施工合同示范文本》和合同管理的实际情况,分析目前在工程量清单计价模式下合同管理存在的主要问题,并提出相应的对策和解决途径     

The effect of ethnic diversity on expatriate managers in their host country

Expatriate managers often encounter considerable obstacles in their overseas workplaces. While there is significant research on expatriate management and adjustment, relying on social identity and acculturation theories, little research addresses the expatriate experience of ethnic diversity in the host country. To address this gap, the aim of this study is to explore how Australian expatriate managers interpret their experience of working in a new and ethnically diverse workplace in Malaysia. The qualitative analysis suggests that the key to performing in such a context lies in the individual's ability to change and adapt beyond culture and language skills. The key managerial implication is that cross-cultural training can assist with the development of personal attributes by expatriate managers involved in ethnically diverse workplaces. Implications for future research are provided.     

试论洪仁玕的铁路思想

作为太平天国后期的执政纲领,《资政新篇》勾画出了一幅发展近代铁路、水路、公路交通的蓝图,指明了中国交通事业的发展方向。洪仁玕作为中国铁路建设思想的先驱者,在其执政期间将其规划,付以蓝本,实在是时代的一大进步,尽管没有投身到参与建设的实践中去,但在中国铁路史上,应该占有突出的重要地位。     

The cost of useful knowledge and collective action in three fisheries

In a complex environment knowledge is valuable and its acquisition is costly; as a result people are careful about what to learn and how to learn it. We suggest that the dynamics of the “local” environment strongly influences the method that individuals choose to acquire useful knowledge and is one of the principal determinants of the way they compete and cooperate. We focus on the way different environments lead to different costs, especially the relative opportunity costs, of search and communication and, consequently, to the emergence of different patterns of persistent cooperation and competition. In predictably regular and in predictably random environments, the cost of autonomous search is low and little social structure emerges. In complex environments, the relative costs of communication are high, leading to persistent social structure. Our presumption is that the characteristics of the emergent, or informal, social structure are a major determinant of successful collective action. We investigate the hypothesis through a comparison of three fisheries in which the costs of acquiring useful knowledge are different. Because of these differences, fishers' acquisition of useful knowledge leads to different social structure and different preconditions for successful collective action in each fishery. The lobster fishery is characterized by strong collective action and appears sustainable; the urchin and groundfisheries, worked by the same communities, are not even though almost all their participants are familiar with and often participate in the lobster fishery.     

社会管理格局中的“幸福联盟”——基于对苏州市沧浪区“邻里情”幸福联盟的调查

苏州市沧浪区幸福联盟是社区管理体制改革在社会主义市场经济和民主政治发展的新条件下的一项重要创新。这一创新既满足了政府对政治稳定的客观要求,又满足了居民安居乐业的需要。本文对目前沧浪区“幸福联盟”运转现状和问题的相关资料进行了初步的整理、思考与研究,并提出了进一步改进“幸福联盟”工作的意见和建议。     

Place,space, and foreign direct investment into peripheral cities

Perspectives drawn from the economic geography literature are increasingly used to generate insights into locational issues in international business. In this paper, we seek to integrate these literatures further by investigating the locational determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) into peripheral cities within an emerging economy. Peripheral cities in emerging economies are attracting a growing proportion of global FDI flows, but the international business literature lacks a framework for understanding subnational determinants of FDI, particularly into non-core locations. We draw on the core-periphery model to build and test theory on how spatial interdependencies between subnational locations impact on the distribution of FDI inflows into a large and heterogeneous country China. Our results show that whilst peripheral cities tend to have a negative effect on FDI, this effect is positively moderated by proximity to core cities. The results highlight the importance of considering interactions between place and space when investigating locational issues in international business.     

《大乘大义章》与印度佛教中国化

《大乘大义章》是研究罗什与慧远佛学思想的重要著作,也是研究印度佛教思想和印度佛教中国化的重要著作。《大乘大义章》显示出罗什与慧远在佛学思想上的差别,同时也反映出中印佛教文化在本质上的不同。这两种不同文化的冲突预示着印度佛教中国化的发展方向。     

新自由主义思潮的全球化历程及其影响

新自由主义思潮在向全球扩张蔓延的过程中,对拉美、东欧和前苏联国家产生了巨大而深刻的影响。对新自由主义的危害,正处于改革发展关键阶段的中国应有清醒而足够的认识。     

星级酒店实习生流失原因与对策研究

顶岗实习是大学课程中实践教学环节必不可少的一部分,也是该专业学生将所学的理论知识、技能知识与实际操作能力相结合的过程。实习生在酒店实习,可以得到全面的实践锻炼,提高学生的专业技能、技巧。但是由于各种原因,酒店实习生中止实习,导致酒店实习生流失率过高。因此,本文通过酒店、实习生自身、学校三方面分析酒店实习生流失的原因,并提出相应的对策,降低流失率。