Hospital staff shortage: the role of the competitiveness of pay of different groups of nursing staff on staff shortage

Shortages of nursing staff in OECD countries have been a preoccupation for policy makers. Shortages of staff may be the consequence of uncompetitive pay. In the private sector, employers in different regions can offer different pay rates to reflect local amenities and cost of living. Hospitals in the UK however cannot set the pay for their employees, and as a result they might therefore incur staff shortages. Moreover, occupational groups do not operate in isolation. Shortages of staff may also be the consequence of the competitiveness of pay of an alternative group of staff. This is investigated using two distinct groups of nursing staff: assistant nurses (ANs) and registered nurses (RNs) working in English hospitals in 2003–2005 using national-level data sets. We find that an increase by 10% of the pay competitiveness of RNs decreases the shortage of both the RNs and of ANs by 0.6% and 0.4%, respectively.     

企业信用管理制度问题的现实反思--625份我国企业信用状况的问卷调查分析

625份我国企业信用状况问卷调查分析数据表明,人们热切呼唤企业信用制度的重建。信用管理是当前我国企业走出信用困境的根本出路。推进我国企业信用制度建设,重点应建立和完善信用管理制度,坚持德法并举,以产权制度明晰化为突破口,注重培养企业信用人才队伍等方面进行不懈努力,从而提升企业的信誉和综合实力。     

经济权力与工资水平的博弈：“民工荒”的一个解释——兼论“刘易斯模型”的改造

农民工经济权力与工资水平的博弈是＂民工荒＂的问题所在,据此可知刘易斯模型是一个动态的水平面,而不仅仅是静态的水平线,中国的实际情况表明刘易斯转折点将比预期的提前到达,要求巩固民工权益保障的既定成效,产业结构优化与农民工职业培训相结合,适时适度调整计划生育人口政策。     

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro,small, and medium enterprises in Asia and their digitalization responses

Soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments began extending financial and other forms of support to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and their workers because smaller firms are more vulnerable to negative shocks to their supply chain, labor supply, and final demand for goods and services than larger firms. Since MSMEs are diverse, however, the severity of the pandemic’s impact on them varies considerably depending on their characteristics. Using online survey data of MSMEs from eight developing economies in South, Southeast, and Northeast Asia, this paper attempts to deepen our understanding of the impact of the pandemic on MSMEs, especially their employment, sales revenue, and cash flow. It also characterizes those firms that began participating in online commerce and tries to determine how their use of online commerce and their employment are related in this difficult time. This paper also examines the government support that MSMEs have received and the extent to which it has satisfied their support needs.     

基于最严格水资源管理制度的水质型缺水地区节水型社会建设评价

在分析水质型缺水地区节水型社会建设内涵及特点的基础上,以最严格水资源管理"三条红线"为准则,构建包括目标层、准则层、领域层和指标层4个层次结构的水质型缺水地区节水型社会建设评价指标体系,建立基于混沌遗传算法和投影寻踪的节水型社会建设评价模型,并以昆山市为例,评价其节水型社会建设水平。研究结果表明:昆山市2012年、2014年和2020年的节水型社会建设水平均为良好,2025年为优秀,与实际情况及规划目标相符,说明该指标体系和投影寻踪模型具有一定的可操作性及有效性。