REASONS FOR DELISTING AND CONSEQUENCES: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

This paper discusses the literature on delisting, drawing on USA and international evidence. Given the great heterogeneity in delisting operations, we first consider the standard existing typology based on the initiator of the delisting (the stock market authorities, or the firm itself). Second, while managers often cite high compliance costs (especially due to Sarbanes–Oxley Act implementation) as the official reason for the voluntary delisting of their firm, we highlight that firms face different trade-offs in their delisting decision. We also examine the reasons for involuntary delisting, especially the delisting dilemma faced by stock market authorities when the firm violates the listing requirements. Next, we review the economic consequences of delisting in terms of value creation or value destruction for shareholders. Finally, noting gaps in the literature and other contrasting results, we propose suggestions for future research.     

On post-IPO stock price performance: A comparative analysis of RLBOs and IPOs

This is the first study to examine the post-IPO stock price performance by differentiating between IPOs and three types of RLBOs (i.e. public-to-private (or re-IPOs), division-to-private, and private-to-private deals). We document that public-to-private RLBOs outperform their industry rivals, IPOs, mature firms in comparable industries, and a propensity-score matched control group for up to five years post-offering. Further, we document that, within RLBOs, public-to-private RLBOs, outperform private-to-private and division-to-private RLBOs. We also find support for the underwriter signaling effect for public-to-private RLBOs. Our analysis identifies for the first time what private period restructuring activities contribute to superior post-re-IPO stock price performance. Further, the beneficial effects of private period restructurings are enhanced for deals associated with prestigious underwriters. Our findings suggest that first IPOs and re-IPOs differ substantially in term of post-offer performance, the impact of prestigious underwriters on performance, and performance over time.     

中国A股市场IPO抑价影响因素的实证研究

IPO抑价是全球资本市场的普遍现象,是一级市场定价效率低下和二级市场交易不规范的具体表现。IPO抑价使得资本市场资源配置效率低,同时也会产生众多金融风险。在中国IPO抑价率过高,普遍达到100%以上,超过了国外成熟市场和很多的新兴市场。在对国内外相关研究进行综述之后,再构建模型引入实证分析,对理论在国内的适用性进行研究进而探寻导致IPO抑价的原因。信息不对称是导致IPO抑价的主要原因,同时承销商声誉、"公司信号"、资本市场"羊群效应"也有一定的影响。     

Foreign vs. domestic listing: An entrepreneurial decision

In this paper, we use a unique hand-collected dataset to analyze stock listing as an entrepreneurial decision. By comparing mainland Chinese entrepreneurial firms listed in Hong Kong with the same type of firms opting for a domestic listing on the Shenzhen second board market, we argue that the decision to list on a particular stock exchange is a question of entrepreneurial signaling, and often a trade-off between short-term financial considerations and the entrepreneur's pursuit of long-term benefits.     

企业借壳上市和IPO模式的比较

融资是企业进入证券市场的最主要动机。目前我国企业上市主要是通过IPO的形式来实现的,但是IPO的高门槛使得许多企业望而却步。借壳上市的出现,使得非上市公司可以通过一定途径获得对上市公司的控股权,再将优质资产注入上市公司的方式达到间接上市的目的。在选择上市途径时,IPO还是借壳上市,本文对两种模式做了比较。     

风险投资对风险企业IPO功效研究——以我国深市中小板为例

风险投资是专业化投资过程,IPO是参与各方首选退出方式。我国风险投资起步晚、发展缓慢,基于发达国家资本市场得出的有关风险投资的结论未必适用于我国。本文使用深交所中小板相关数据检验风险投资在我国风险企业IPO过程中的具体作用,并对检验结果进行分析。通过对风险投资与风险企业IPO关系研究,为我国风险投资的发展提出合理化建议。     

正向反馈申购者、市盈率管制与新股发行定价

传统的新股发行定价偏低观点受到了一些定价偏高实证现象的质疑,且难以解释我国长期实行的发行市盈率管制政策。本文在原有信息不对称理论的基础上,从正向反馈的非理性角度研究发行定价,进而分析市盈率管制政策的作用,并实证检验。研究认为,新股发行市场中存在着大量的正向反馈申购者,他们受近期新股上市表现激发而参与申购,这种噪声需求的存在使得新股即使被高估也仍然能够成功发行。发行人和承销商意识到这种噪声需求的存在,为了使其利润最大化,他们会抬高发行定价,而机构投资者在近期新股上市表现较好的情况下也易于高估新股,因此也能接受较高的询价价格。实证结果验证了正向反馈申购者对发行定价的这一正向影响,并且发现市盈率管制政策能够对此起到一定的抑制作用。     

中国创业板IPO首日超额收益研究

本文以58家创业板IPO公司为样本,采用类比估价模型来估计新股的内在价值。实证研究结果表明,我国创业板IPO首日超额收益源于二级市场溢价,一级市场抑价不显著;上市首日换手率、上市首日涨跌幅以及市场指数收益率显著影响我国创业板IPO首日超额收益。在此基础上,本文结合海外创业板市场经验以及我国创业板市场表现,给出了相关政策建议,对创业板市场参与者提供了可参考的投资策略。     

A comparison of revenue growth at recent-IPO and established firms: The influence of SG&A, R&D and COGS

A dynamic view of the resource based theory (RBT) examines how a firm builds its resources over time, considering variations in resources' growth rates while the firm attempts to grow. Accordingly, we consider the elasticity of accumulated resources to assess conditions where these resources might serve as substitutes for rather than complements to COGS during periods of growth. We specify a production function that links aggregate resource allocation among SG&A, R&D and COGS expenses to a firm's revenue. This function yields a set of hypotheses on the elasticity of SG&A and R&D, and the productivity of COGS, while controlling for the revenue growth rate. We test these hypotheses on a dataset of 64 randomly selected firms that recently underwent an IPO, and a comparable set of 64 established public firms from four high-technology sectors. Results show that the accumulated stocks of resources can serve as substitutes for rather than complements to COGS, and the manner in which recent-IPO firms allocate and use resources differs from their established counterparts. We discuss the implications of associated elasticity and productivity results.