Quantification of the non-transport benefits resulting from rail investment

Traditional methods of evaluation have not been very successful in accounting for non-transport benefits resulting from rail investments. But increasingly, these factors are becoming more important in well-developed transport networks, as the effects of additional links or capacity cannot be justified in transport terms alone. This paper brings together the evidence at three separate levels arguing that there are different impacts that must be investigated at different levels with appropriate methods. At the macroeconomic level, regional network effects can be identified, as can the impacts on the economy as measured through changes in output and productivity. At the meso level, the impacts relate more to agglomeration economies and labour market effects, with some additional network and environmental consequences. At the micro level, the impacts are determined by the land and property market effects. Examples of rail investment are given for each of the scales of analysis, and conclusions are drawn on the future directions and challenges for the quantification of both transport and non-transport benefits.     

MODELS OF REGIONAL GROWTH: PAST,PRESENT AND FUTURE

Abstract This paper presents an overview of various models of regional growth that have appeared in the literature in the last 40 years. It considers the past, and therefore supply‐side models, such as the standard neoclassical, juxtaposed against essentially demand‐side approaches such as the export‐base and cumulative causation models (as integrated into the Kaldorian approach); before moving on to the ‘present’ and more recent versions of the neoclassical model involving spatial weights and ‘convergence clubs’, as well as new economic geography core–periphery models, and the ‘innovation systems’ approach. A key feature of the more recent literature is an attempt to explicitly include spatial factors into the model, and thus there is a renewed emphasis on agglomeration economies and spillovers. Discussing ‘present’ and ‘future’ approaches to regional growth overlaps with the current emphasis in the literature on the importance of more intangible factors such as the role of ‘knowledge’ and its influence on growth. Finally, there is a discussion of the greater emphasis that needs to be placed at the ‘micro‐level’ when considering what drives growth, and thus factors such as inter alia firm heterogeneity, entrepreneurship and absorptive capacity.     

产业聚集测度方法的演变和新发展

产业聚集测度是聚集理论分析和检验的前提条件。Duranton和Over- man(2005)将产业聚集程度的测度方法划分为第一代、第二代、第三代方法,本文对这三代测度方法的演变和应用进行了述评和比较,并对第二代、第三代方法给予较详细的分析和介绍。     

科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换

研究科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换的互动关系对推进地区经济高质量发展具有重大理论与现实意义。本文运用广义分位数(GQR)与面板门限模型,并结合较为有效的工具变量,研究了科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换的非线性互动影响效应,主要研究发现为:①科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换之间存在非线性互动关系,并且存在一个"临界阈值",超过这个"临界阈值"有利于两者构建"良性互促体"的集聚形态;②中国大部分省份科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换尚未形成"良性互促体"的集聚形态,尤其是西部地区,科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换构建"良性互促体"集聚形态存在较大的不确定性;③东部地区新旧动能转换与科研人才集聚明显偏离了构建"良性互促体"的最佳互动区间,科研人才集聚的速度快于地区新旧动能转换进程,而中部地区科研人才集聚与地区新旧动能转换的"临界阈值"水平较低,分别约为0.27、0.26,两者存在构建"良性互促体"集聚形态的良好基础。本文对"抢人大战"城市制定合宜的人才引进政策并推动地区经济高质量发展提供了针对性的政策建议。     

中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策

本文使用新经济地理学的分析框架讨论了经济地理和经济政策等因素对工业集聚的影响,并利用1987—2001年省级面板数据研究了导致中国地区工业集聚的因素。我们的主要发现是(1)经济开放促进了工业集聚,而经济开放又与地理和历史的因素有关;(2)市场容量、城市化、基础设施的改善和政府作用的弱化也有利于工业集聚;(3)沿海地区具有工业集聚的地理优势。我们的研究为新经济地理学的理论提供了来自于中国的证据,同时也发现,除了经济地理的作用以外,政策也是导致工业集聚的重要因素。     

珠江三角洲地区专业化与制造业空间转移

本文在空间经济学关于市场一体化与地区专业化、产业集聚关系的理论框架基础上,研究发现随着珠三角地区一体化的增强,其制造业的地区专业化水平与产业地方化程度已有很大提高;同时,珠三角地区制造业激烈的结构调整,使部分产业出现扩散效应,进而促使珠三角逐渐形成具有一定特色的产业分工与集聚。     

Agglomeration and location of foreign direct investment: The case of China

This paper investigates the effect of agglomeration on foreign direct investment (FDI) location in China. We use different measures of agglomeration, and test both within and across region agglomeration effect. The results suggest that urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry diversity have positive impact on FDI location. Urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry specialization, also significantly promote industrial FDI. The results also suggest there exist both within and across region agglomeration effects. Other factors including market size, wage, education, road density, government policy and trade cost also have significant impacts on FDI location.     

基于自组织的河西走廊新能源产业集群成长演化

基于自组织理论,从产业集群成长演化视角探讨我国新能源产业发展,选取典型地区新能源产业集群进行集聚度分析,探索新能源产业集群成长规律,分析河西走廊新能源产业集群成长演化。研究发现：我国新能源产业于2004年进入集群成长自放大阶段,2013年前集聚水平稳定上升,现阶段产业发展面临升级与衰退两种极端;结合产业集聚水平变化,基于自组织理论,可将我国新能源产业集群成长演化划分为4个阶段;河西走廊新能源产业集群在政府外生力量的推动下,已完成资源要素自增强阶段,形成了空间集聚,目前处于企业集聚能力自放大向集群系统自调整的过渡阶段。最后,提出了加快河西走廊新能源产业集群发展的对策。     

长株潭城市群旅游业发展策略探讨

本文通过数据及资料分析总结了长株潭城市群旅游业的主要特点,提出了建立一体化的旅游管理体系、寻求创新的政策支持、打造有影响力的旅游品牌等三个旅游业发展策略。     

中国十大城市群产业结构及分工比较研究

研究中国十大城市群产业结构及分工状况,对新常态下“稳增长、转方式、调结构”具有重大理论意义和实践价值。综合运用偏离份额分析法、区位熵、相关多样化指数,对中国十大城市群三大产业及19个行业的产业结构与分工进行比较研究。结果表明：新常态下长三角和珠三角城市群所受影响最大,但产业结构依旧保持稳定良好;京津冀、辽中南、关中城市群在经济下行压力下仍旧保持良好发展态势;海峡西岸、长江中游、川渝城市群进入高速发展阶段,产业结构亟待调整;山东半岛和中原城市群产业发展出现停滞,产业分工水平开始倒退。