Spatial takeoff in the first industrial revolution

Using the framework of Desmet and Rossi-Hansberg (forthcoming), we present a model of spatial takeoff that is calibrated using spatially-disaggregated occupational data for England in c. 1710. The model predicts changes in the spatial distribution of agricultural and manufacturing employment which match data for c. 1817 and 1861. The model also matches a number of aggregate changes that characterise the first industrial revolution. Using counterfactual geographical distributions, we show that the initial concentration of productivity can matter for whether and when an industrial takeoff occurs. Subsidies to innovation in either sector can bring forward the date of takeoff while subsidies to the use of land by manufacturing firms can significantly delay a takeoff because it decreases spatial concentration of activity.     

Macroeconomic effects of structural reforms and fiscal consolidations: Trade-offs and complementarities

This paper studies the impact of product and labour market structural reforms and the effects of their joint implementation with alternative debt consolidation strategies. The set-up is a dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated for the Greek economy. The results show that structural reforms produce important long-run GDP gains that materialize earlier, the faster the reforms are implemented. When implemented jointly with fiscal consolidations, structural reforms may amplify the short-run costs of fiscal tightening. The GDP dynamics depend on the fiscal instrument used for public debt consolidation. In the long run, however, there are complementarity gains irrespective of the fiscal instrument used.     

Individual differences in assessing problem similarity

This paper reports on a study which investigates the potential influence of perceptual differentiation (PD) ability on introductory accounting students' ability to identify and use analogies to solve problems. Accounting students with differing levels of PD ability first studied two sample problems with solutions which provided potential source analogues for analogical transfer. They then attempted to solve two analogous accounting problems differing only in the criteria for identifying problem analogousness. Findings suggest that PD ability may influence a problem solver's ability to identify analogous problems by affecting which problem features (surface or structural) he or she is likely to attend to and use for assessing problem similarity and potential analogousness. The paper concludes by discussing implications for pedagogical practices in accounting.     

风马象征意义的结构分析

风马,作为世代生活在雪域高原上藏民族文化的一个标志性象征,多有学者进行研究,但就风马的象征意义只是在历史与宗教背景下的简单陈述,缺乏对风马象征意义的结构性认识。以前人关于风马的研究为基础,结合结构主义人类学相关理论,对风马象征意义的结构进行分析,试图得出风马象征意义深层内涵的结构。     

技术多元化、发明者网络嵌入与军民融合企业技术创新效率

采用随机前沿模型对2015—2020年中国内地107家军民融合企业技术创新效率进行测算,并基于军民融合企业专利数据构建技术多元化、发明者网络嵌入（结构洞和网络密度）等指标。运用社会网络分析与多元线性回归方法,实证分析技术多元化、发明者网络嵌入及两者交互作用、结构洞与网络密度的互补关系/平衡关系对军民融合企业技术创新效率的影响。结果发现：技术多元化、结构洞及两者交互作用对军民融合企业技术创新效率具有正向影响;网络密度及其与技术多元化的交互作用对军民融合企业技术创新效率具有负向影响;网络密度和结构洞的互补关系会抑制军民融合企业技术创新效率提升,但两者在军民融合企业内部的平衡关系能够促进军民融合企业技术创新效率提升。     

应用型本科高校双语教学的改革与实践——以《结构力学》为例

双语有利于与国际接轨,尤其中国涉外工程与日俱增,使双语教学意义重大。以结构力学为例,探讨了应用型本科高校双语教学方式,研究了双语教学内容和教材的选择,以及如何把英语教材和中文教材内容优化组合。进而具体探讨了教学方法、词汇拓展和双语试卷改革模式以适合应用型本科双语教学改革。     

马克思经济增长模型中的特征值及其理论蕴涵

为了借鉴现代经济增长模型的数量方法对马克思经济增长理论的研究,本文基于马克思两部类经济增长模型的特殊结构,将特征值方法探索运用于对其的研究。通过解析两个部类积累相互约束的关系,以及每个部类新创造价值增长与本部类积累和两个部类结构参数之间的关系,获得两个部类新创造价值的唯一特征值,也就是唯一的均衡发展速度。给出与特征值对应的全社会和每个部类积累率算式,指出产生特征值的模型结构条件,以及特征值的最大值。从经济均衡和非均衡增长的视角,通过与哈罗德经济增长模型的对比分析,阐述了马克思两部类经济增长模型中的特征值的理论蕴涵。最后引用和借鉴《资本论》中的举例,对所论析做了算例验证。     

Supply structure: The pendulum in action

Using an in-depth longitudinal case study based on an “historical retrospective”, this article focuses on how some factors (“drivers”) set into motion the pendulum of change in supply structures, a research theme neglected in the supply field. It examines, over a 20-year period, the changes made to the supply structure of a well-known organization. The data comes mainly from: (a) semi-structured interviews with 21 managers and professionals within eight operating units, and (b) documentary analyses of the archives. This article shows how to map structural changes of the supply function, while explaining the nature and the causes of these changes. Understanding the pendulum movement from one supply structure to another can be very valuable, as well for academics as for managers.     

中国劳动力错配对TFP的影响分析

文章利用一个资源错配对TFP影响的核算框架和中国改革开放30年的宏观经济、产业相关数据,估算了当前中国农业部门就业比重过大对全要素生产率产生的影响。结果显示,改革以来,劳动力错配对TFP有着明显的负效应,以不同的指标计算,在-2%到-18%之间,并呈逐渐扩大趋势。这种负的效应随着发展和改革的历程有明显的波动趋势;把总效应分解为工资差异效应和部门份额效应以后,显示中国当前的劳动力错配对TFP产生的负效应主要是由于部门间的工资差异所致。     

国有企业与非国有企业信贷约束的差异研究——基于现金一现金流敏感度的分析

根据现有理论,国有企业和非国有企业信贷约束的差异是理解中国经济失衡的关键,本文利用近年来公司金融文献中提出的现金一现金流敏感度的分析方法,以中国A股上市企业1990—2010年的数据为样本,研究了中国国有企业与非国有企业存在着的信贷约束差异。其基本计量模型回归结果表明,非国有企业的信贷约束更强,而国有企业则不存在信贷约束。随后,采取的稳健性检验结果表明非国有企业受到了信贷约束,而国有企业则没有受到信贷约束这一结论具有稳健性。