Emotion,affect, and risk communication with older adults: challenges and opportunities

Recent research suggests that emotion, affect, and cognition play important roles in risk perception and that their roles in judgment and decision‐making processes may change over the lifespan. This paper discusses how emotion and affect might help or hinder risk communication with older adults. Currently, there are few guidelines for developing effective risk messages for the world's aging population, despite the array of complex risk decisions that come with increasing age and the importance of maintaining good decision making in later life. Age‐related declines in cognitive abilities such as memory and processing speed, increased reliance on automatic processes, and adaptive motivational shifts toward focusing more on affective (especially positive) information mean that older and younger adults may respond differently to risk messages. Implications for specific risk information formats (probabilities, frequencies, visual displays, and narratives) are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.     

刍议民事案件缺席审判之规范——从程序与实体的维度出发

民事案件缺席审判是弥补一方缺席而导致的非常态化审理模式的有益补充。缺席审判的功能在于保障审判权正常行使,实现诉讼制度所追求的公正与效益两大价值内核。现阶段,缺席审判遭遇诸多困境,制约了缺席审判制度功效之发挥。实践中,需进一步规范民事案件缺席审判,从程序与实体方面人手,确保缺席审判的正当性、公正性、高效性,实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。     

地面动态环境下驾驶员空间距离判识对车险定价的研究

驾驶人的因素对机动车辆保险定价的影响具有显著性,因为人的因素在车辆运行安全中具有很重要的作用,其中空间距离判识人的因素没有考虑到,由于驾驶员的风险主观性很强,往往被保险公司在进行车险定价时难以鉴定。将驾驶员空间距离判识引入到车险定价的费率因子体系中,利用AHP层次分析法,建立驾驶员空间距离判识评分体系,可以给出驾驶员空间距离判识的费率调整系数。     

社会距离对大学生道德判断的影响

目的：基于解释水平理论,探讨社会距离是否影响大学生的道德判断,为高校对学生进行道德教育和人格塑造提供心理学依据。方法：采用内隐联想测验（Implicit Association Test,IAT）研究范式,随机抽取63名宁夏大学本科生进行实验。结果：被试在相容任务下的平均反应时显著短于在不相容任务下的平均反应时（t=-4.192,df=59,P〈0.001）;女生在相容任务下的平均反应时显著短于男生在相容任务下的平均反应时（F（1,58）=10.27,P〈0.05）,男女生的IAT效应值存在显著性差异（t=-2.286,df=58,P〈0.05）。结论：大学生的道德判断受到社会距离的影响。大学生倾向于将积极道德词与熟人联结,而将消极道德词与陌生人联结。此外,社会距离对大学生道德判断的影响存在性别差异。     

基于模糊数学方法的物流企业绩效综合评价研究

物流企业的绩效评价体系的建立要遵循全面系统、科学合理的原则,同时还必须将定性与定量有机结合起来。从经济绩效、运营绩效、服务绩效和成长绩效四方面构建了物流绩效体系,同时运用模糊评价方法对企业的绩效水平进行了综合评价。     

时间压力、知识异质性与审计团队判断绩效

任务时间限制和团队知识异质性是审计团队作出专业判断的重要约束条件。解释时间压力下知识异质性对审计判断绩效的影响机制以及通过设计情景模拟实验对这一机制进行验证后发现,知识异质性和时间压力都能够显著影响审计判断绩效,时间压力与知识异质性对审计判断绩效存在交互效应,不同程度的时间压力能够改变知识异质性进而影响审计判断绩效的正负方向,而不同程度的知识异质性则能够显著影响时间压力进而影响审计判断绩效的强弱程度。     

浅析新会计准则对投机性盈余管理的影响

2006年2月15日,我国财政部发布了最新<企业会计准则>,宣告中国建立了完整的会计准则体系.新会计准则在很大程度上规范了财务信息的披露行为,压缩了投机性盈余管理的操作空间,削弱了企业管理层利用其进行投机性盈余管理的广度、深度与频度,会计准则对盈余管理起着关键的制约作用.针对会计准则制定的不尽完善及其尚未规范的空白地带,我国会计准则的制定机构,应细化准则中的公允价值概念,健全会计准则的解释与评价机制,优化准则制定程序,为堵塞恶意盈余管理行为构建一套科学高效的财务信息披露机制.     

Incentivized methods to generate electronic word-of-mouth: Implications for the resort industry

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) via social media and the internet is a popular channel through which consumers are communicating with other consumers. To increase eWOM effectiveness, some resorts have developed alternative methods to incentivize consumers to generate eWOM. These methods include: hiring reviewers, providing social currency to acquire products at a later date, or providing free product (stays at their resort). Under the theoretical framework of the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad and Wright, 1994), the impact of these methods on consumers’ perception of the resort’s image, moral judgments regarding the methods, and attitudes toward the resort was studied through an experiment. We found that the different methods to incentivize eWOM yielded significantly different moral judgments, which then predicted consumers’ attitudes toward the resort and the resort’s image. Additionally, different levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumers’ perception of industry practice norms also had effects on consumers’ moral judgments.     

Why is trait scepticism not consistently reflected in state scepticism? An exploratory study into the role of aesthetic engagement

Where an auditor's sceptical disposition (trait scepticism) is directed toward non-diagnostic information, there is a risk that a sceptical consideration of diagnostic information could be diluted. This may be one reason why trait scepticism is not consistently reflected in sceptical judgments and actions (state scepticism). We develop a scale to measure an individual's predisposition toward engaging with visual elements of the environment (aesthetic engagement) and test, in two experiments employing students and practicing auditors, whether aesthetic engagement moderates the trait – state scepticism relationship. We find that aesthetic engagement attenuates the positive relationship between trait and state scepticism.     

Picking Gifts for Picky People

Shoppers report that 39% of their holiday gift-purchases are for someone “picky.” However, despite the ubiquity of shopping for picky people, little research has examined how people choose gifts for picky people. In the present research, we define the “picky gift recipient” as someone perceived to have narrow and unpredictable preferences, and we show how shopping for someone picky alters gift giving behavior. We find that although gift giving norms prescribe that gift givers spend effort, time, and money on gifts to strengthen their social ties, an exception to this rule occurs when a gift recipient is picky. When shopping for someone picky, givers believe that increasing their resources on a gift will not result in greater recipient-satisfaction with the gift itself—a lay belief that ultimately demotivates givers, causing them to spend fewer resources on picky people (even picky friends). That said, we find that consumers are more willing to spend money on superficial gift-features for picky people, such as professional wrapping, to “dress up” their gifts. Based on this preference, we developed and tested a novel promotion strategy that retailers could implement to recoup some of the lost spending by consumers who are shopping for picky people. In all, this research contributes to the literature on gift giving dynamics, and provides insights more broadly into how shoppers negotiate the burden of shopping for someone whom they anticipate will not like their choice.