Modelling the urban heat island effect of smart growth policy scenarios in Brisbane

Smart growth policy has been identified as a panacea to tackle a range of undesirable outcomes of sprawl development. Various neighbourhood planning concepts have been developed following smart growth principles such as transit oriented development, and infill development. Existing empirical studies, however, do not answer to a key policy question: can smart growth policies reduce the urban heat island (UHI) effect? If so, what type of smart growth policy would be most effective? This research examined the questions by deriving five alternative neighbourhood planning scenarios for Brisbane for 2023: a) business as usual, b) transit oriented development (TOD), c) infill development, d) motorway corridor oriented development, and e) sprawl development. The research utilises Landsat remote sensing images of 1991, 2004, and 2013 to: first, estimate and validate a Geographically Weighted Regression model in order to identify statistically significant factors influencing the UHI intensities in Brisbane; and second, predict the UHI intensities of the five policy scenarios. Two factors were identified to have significant influence on the UHI intensities in Brisbane: population density, and porosity. Results show that compared to the 2004 and 2013 levels, Brisbane will respectively experience a higher and lower levels of UHI effect in 2023, irrespective of the policy scenarios. On average, the infill development scenario, as a smart growth policy, has a marginally better potential to mitigate the UHI effect in Brisbane in 2023 compared to the sprawl development scenario conditional on the definition applied in this research. The UHI effect would be more equitably balanced spatially under the sprawl development scenario.     

基于新型城乡关系的崇明生态岛发展模式研究

区域发展模式的选择深受城乡关系及其理论的影响。崇明岛作为一个特殊的地域空间单元,其经济发展模式对传统城乡关系及其理论创新提出了迫切需求。文章基于低碳经济时代下城乡关系的变化与发展趋势,阐明崇明岛相对于上海市区的独特区域功能,辨析了两者之间的区域关系本质,提出了区域功能耦合一体化基础上的崇明＂高端跨越＂的生态岛发展模式。     

海岛型城市开发利用非常水源存在的问题与对策——以舟山市为例

随着我国进入城镇化的快速推进阶段,淡水资源缺乏已成为制约国民经济和社会发展的一大问题,特别是在海岛型城市,开发利用非常规水源势在必行。以海岛型城市舟山市为例,在调研舟山市非常规水源开发利用现状的基础上,分析舟山市再生水、海水利用的管理经验,总结舟山市开发利用非常规水源的有效做法,指出舟山市非常规水源开发利用中存在的问题,并从规划与管理、法制标准、融资渠道、优惠政策、技术研发与示范、市场化运行机制、宣传等方面提出了进一步加强非常规水源开发利用的措施及建议。     

我国海岛地区可持续发展与产业选择研究

海岛地区可持续发展具有重要意义。论文基于海岛地理位置相对独立、生态环境基础相对脆弱的特征及其在国防安全中的地位,提出海岛地区可持续发展目标包括国防安全、生态良好、经济发展与社会稳定四个方面,其产业选择应遵循低水耗、低能耗、低物流、低破坏、高效益的基本原则;进一步结合海岛地区资源禀赋,筛选出适合海岛地区发展的海洋资源型产业、海洋服务型产业与新能源产业;最后,对山东长岛县的产业选择进行了案例分析。     

Developing a Territory Balanced Scorecard approach to manage projects for local development: Two case studies

This paper applies Kaplan and Norton's Balanced Scorecard theory to propose a tool to compare twin local development projects implemented under international cooperation schemes. This tool, called the Territory Balanced Scorecard (TBSc), allows the competitive potential of the territorial system to be measured by means of a rating. Consequently, using the TBSc, it is possible to interpret the characteristics of the supply territory and, by an ad-hoc approach, plan the required increase in headquarters functions and the competences linked thereto. This paper follows a rationale grounded on the territorial setting and offers a methodological decision support tool that enhances the ability of decision makers acting at Local Authority level. A feature of the TBSc model is the fact that, although it is designed for the public sector (mission-oriented), it does enable us to obtain profit-driven indicators that are designed to highlight the economic and territorial strategic ancillary benefits in terms of competitiveness. The TBSc can be considered a valuable strategic tool in management and local development systems and the result also implicitly contains the plan for creating a potential network (in this case among islands in the Mediterranean) in order to delineate a set of principles and analytical and programming devices that would assist in reshaping local economic systems.     

福建省无人居住海岛的开发与保护

随着国家经济实力增强和国际地位提高,我国对海洋权益的重视也达到了前所未有的高度,十八大会议中首次将海洋战略提升到国家级战略层面。福建省位于我国东南沿海,拥有丰富的海洋资源,但开发和保护仍然相对落后。文中对福建省现存无人居住海岛资源进行了分析,并结合目前旅游业对经济的贡献,从点轴开发模式和文化、生态的保护开发两个方面份析福建省无人居住海岛的开发与利用。     

海南国际旅游岛发展电子商务的对策研究

海南建设国际旅游岛已上升为国家战略,在此背景下海南旅游产业的发展面临的不是规整,而是转型发展,由数量型向效益型进行转变。为了使海南旅游产业更具有市场竞争力,发展电子商务必将是一个重要的途径。文章分析了海南电子商务发展的现状,并指出海南目前电子商务发展中存在的问题,提出了海南国际旅游岛发展电子商务的对策。     

Sustainable tourism: development,decline and de-growth. Management issues from the Isle of Man

The concept of sustainable tourism emerged as a reaction to the impacts of tourism development. This paper shows the relevance of sustainable tourism to tourism decline and the rising interest in de-growth. Mixed-methods research in the Isle of Man, UK, was carried out by analysing 355 postal questionnaires sent to randomly selected island households, and conducting 32 in-depth personal interviews. The research revealed a series of negative environmental and social consequences of tourism decline in a small island. Such consequences are found to occur despite successful local diversification into other industries, notably offshore finance. Consequences of decline are revealed as tangible, e.g. facilities closure, and as less tangible, e.g. a sense of rejection by off-islanders, and have led to an increasing sense amongst residents of isolation and loss of local attractiveness. Results suggest tourism decline, de-growth and economic replacement require sustainable management in order to facilitate change. Measures such as urban and rural landscape protection, may reduce adverse effects of decline. A re-assessment of the application of the principles of sustainable tourism in the context of decline, rather than development, is needed.     

基于生态承载力的长岛县生态环境问题分析与对策

生态环境是人类赖以生存与发展的基本条件,是社会经济发展的物质基础。本文运用生态足迹的理论与方法,对山东省长岛县2003年的生态承载力进行了分析。结果显示,该地区生态系统是不安全的,生态环境相对脆弱。最后,分析了其生态环境问题产生的原因并提出了相应对策。     

Competing industries in islands a new tourism approach

Many islands host both tourism and offshore finance, but their coexistence has been little researched. This paper examines their relationship via a case study of the British Channel Island of Jersey. Both sectors require labor, land, and capital—all frequently scarce in small islands. The study considers the nature of the relationship and resource competition. In light of the unusual context of small polities and the political power of external actors, it also analyzes the dynamics of tourism, offshore finance, and the state in islands. The overall impact of the relationship between tourism and offshore finance is further examined, to suggest how this affects islands’ economic development.