International competitiveness of Turkish agriculture: a case for horticultural products

This paper defines competitiveness as the ability of a country to increase its share of domestic and export markets, especially when they have a comparative advantage in a product and can produce at a lower opportunity cost. This paper briefly covers the theoretical information on this topic and provides empirical evidence of how domestic resource cost (DRC) can determine international competitiveness. A country is said to have a comparative advantage in the production of tradable goods if that country's production is efficient; if not, then it has a comparative disadvantage. The concept of comparative advantage has two meanings: The first definition states that efficiency of production is compared to two or more trading nations, and when the nations with the lowest opportunity costs are relatively more efficient, they have a comparative advantage. The other meaning of comparative advantage refers to the efficiency of different kinds of production within the domestic economy, which are compared in terms of earnings or savings of a unit of foreign exchange. Turkey seems to have a comparative advantage in plant products that do not exhibit economies of scale and are relatively labour-intensive, i.e. fruits and vegetables eliminating border and non-tariff barriers to trade in agriculture would allow both sides to exploit their comparative advantages better.     

Chinese Vegetable Safety Administration Problems, Causes and Countermeasures

From the perspective of the entire vegetables supply chain, i.e. ＂from field to table＂, this paper systematically analyzes the main causes to affect vegetable safety of China. The gap between Chinese vegetable safety administration and that of developed countries is then described. Based on the experiences of vegetable safety administration the developed countries, countermeasures are forwarded to facilitate Chinese vegetable safety administration.     

外资对我国植物油产业的影响与对策

外资对我国植物油产业的影响越来越明显,它通过各种形式进入我国植物油行业,已在原料采购、运输、贸易、生产等方面形成了一个较为完整的体系。它在满足我国不断增长的植物油的需求,促进国内植物油生产工艺、管理方式进步等方面起到了积极作用,但它所带来的潜在风险也应当引起我们的重视。     

我国蔬菜播种面积的影响因素分析

研究目的是探究我国蔬菜播种面积的主要经济因素和作用机理。从蔬菜供给的微观主体—农户的角度,运用面板数据计量模型分析1994—2007年间我国蔬菜主产省的蔬菜播种面积的影响因素。研究发现,蔬菜种植户的蔬菜播种面积决策受蔬菜和其他替代农作物生产的相对比较收益、该地区非农就业水平的较大变化和以往农户蔬菜生产决策的影响。基于研究结论表明由于农民种植决策的选择是一个长期的周期过程以及以往决策的滞后影响,任何政策措施的制定和实施必须考虑其带来的长期效果,而不能过分关注当前的短期效果。     

空-气相色谱法检测植物油中六号溶剂的残留量

浸出油中以低键烷烃类化合物为主要成分的六号溶剂的残留对产品的流变学、色泽、气味、氧化稳定性等理化性质产生重大影响,同时其毒性也对油脂的食用安全性构成潜在威胁。本文建立了顶空采样用气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器检测食用油中的六号溶剂残留量。实验表明本方法操作简单,准确度和精密度较高均符合检测要求,回收率小于95%,RSD小于10%。     

废动植物油工业化生产生物柴油的研究

以废动植物油为原料,研究了在自制DYD催化剂作用下,生产生物柴油的原理和方法、最佳生产工艺、分析方法、产品质量以及在柴油机上的试验情况,在最佳工艺条件下,转化率达到97％以上。测试结果表明,所生产的生物柴油,其各项性能指标都达到美国同类产品的标准（D6751．03a）,在动力性、经济性基本不变的情况下,其环保性能指标明显改善,完全能在柴油机上广泛应用。     

我国蔬菜出口现状及对策

本文从国内外环境分析我国蔬菜出口存在的问题。绿色壁垒不断加高、保障措施影响深远、反倾销频繁出手、我国蔬菜竞争力不足、蔬菜生产零星分散、产业化程度低、无公害蔬菜识别难等都是影响我国蔬菜出口的不利因素。面对这些不足,我国应对外加大交涉力度,对内加强自律,建立一套标准化的蔬菜生产技术体系以保证蔬菜产品质量,提升我国蔬菜国际竞争力,调整产业结构,建立无公害蔬菜产品质量安全认证,发展我国蔬菜产业。     

Volatility in Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Markets: Drivers and Spillovers

Food price volatility has re‐emerged as an important topic of political discussion since the food price crisis of 2007–2008. Different volatility drivers have been identified for different markets in the theoretical and empirical literature. However, there is no comprehensive analysis that considers a large number of potential drivers and investigates their joint effects in a dynamic model of interrelated markets. Our study provides such a volatility analysis for the oilseeds and vegetable oils markets. We use a common GARCH approach and a VAR model to identify volatility drivers and spillover effects. Our results show that exchange rate volatility is very important. However, the hotly debated financialisation of commodity markets is not found to be volatility increasing in our monthly data. Impulse response functions show strong spillover effects. Because many volatility drivers found to be important in other markets have no significant effect in our study, our results suggest that volatility drivers are market specific. This implies that any volatility‐reducing policies need to be designed for the market in question.     

果蔬汁生产中农药残留控制技术研究进展

农药残留是影响果蔬汁质量的关键问题,本文对果蔬汁中农药残留控制方法研究进展进行追踪。     

中国蔬菜区域生产优势度演变分析

近年来,跨区域的蔬菜供应已经成为常态,大市场、大流通的蔬菜供需格局基本形成,开展新形势下中国蔬菜生产优势度演变研究,对正确引导蔬菜生产布局,推动区域供需匹配具有重要意义。文章在分析中国省域蔬菜播种面积与产量变动的基础上,通过构建区域蔬菜生产优势度指数,探讨了1995~2013年间中国区域蔬菜生产优势空间格局演变,并分析了引起变化的主要因素。结果表明,研究期内我国各地区播种面积与产量变化表现出了明显的空间差异性,面积、产量主要增加区分布在黄淮海平原,增加幅度显著的区域多为西北、西南的边远地区,产量比重北升南降,东减西增。区域蔬菜生产综合优势为东、中、西顺序递减,但东部地区生产领先优势正在逐步减弱,指数平均值下降了0.04,西部地区则上升了0.19;区域生产优势变动是区域经济发展定位、农业结构调整、比较收益变化与科技创新驱动等因素共同作用的结果。未来,应该遵循比较优势原则,优化蔬菜生产布局。东部地区,尤其是大都市区域,应防止生产优势的大幅下滑,保障区域蔬菜有效供给。