Does God practice a random walk? The 'financial physics' of a nineteenth-century forerunner,Jules Regnault

We analyse the work of a neglected French economist, Jules Regnault, whose Calcul des Chances et Philosophie de la Bourse (1863) laid the basis of modern stochastic models of price behaviour and contains an anticipation of econometrics. At a time when short-term speculation was denounced as immoral, he approached this question ‘scientifically’ and constructed two models. The first one was relative to short-term speculation and took the shape of a random walk - a model used by Bachelier (1900). The second one deals with long-term speculation and aims at evaluating the mean value of the French 3 per cent bond.     

Short- and long-run exchange rate effects on forest product trade: Evidence from panel data

Impacts of exchange rates on international forest products trade are widely debated, but the empirical evidence regarding this issue is still inconclusive. Here, we report findings of the impacts of the exchange rates on the main forest product imports and exports of the US, from January 1989 to November 2004. Export data consisted of monthly series of the main products exported by the US to different countries. For imports we used monthly series of the principal products imported by the US from Canada, the major source of imports. The strongest evidence was obtained by pooling the data across countries and products. In the short run, exports were very elastic with respect to the exchange rate (−2.6), while imports were moderately elastic (1.2). In the long run, the elasticity decreased but remained significant (0.5 for both exports and imports). Appreciation of the US dollar tended to matter more than depreciation, but the hypothesis that the effect of exchange rate was symmetric could not be rejected.     

外商投资企业亏损问题的分析与对策

本文结合在实际税收征管工作中遇到的问题,利用现代计量经济学的方法,对我国外商投资企业(以下简称“外企”)账面亏损问题进行了分析,发现主要是中小企业特别是小企业亏损面大,建议应该从抓好对信息资源的深入挖掘利用、加强系统内部和外部的工作配合、搞好征管手段的整合配置、处理好对中小税源查账征收和核定征收的关系等方面强化对中小外企所得税的征管。     

生态系统视阈下区域创新效率的多维溢出效应

从创新生态系统视角出发,刻画了知识、产品二阶段创新价值链,利用数据包络分析方法测量了创新效率,将创新效率的价值链溢出、空间溢出纳入统一分析框架。以长三角、京津冀、中部五省、西部七省区市4个区域为研究对象,采用空间计量方法进行了实证分析。结果显示,创新价值链不同阶段创新效率之间存在正向溢出效应,且区域创新活力越强,价值链溢出效应越明显;知识、产品创新效率存在显著的空间溢出效应,且影响程度由西向东呈递增态势;激发区域市场活力、丰富创新网络内涵在不同区域具有普适性。对此,要构建创新生态系统,提高创新效率,一方面应在系统内部打通创新合作渠道,完善创新服务平台;另一方面要确定合理的系统边界,实施差别化创新政策。     

Evaluation of macroeconometric models

The disparity between the practice of applied econometricians and the econometric methodology they claim to profess has been widely noted. This paper attempts to examine and systematize the practice in a way that recognizes the variety of practical, theoretical and statistical considerations that applied econometric work must take account of. The discussion is organized under three criteria: relevance, consistency and adequacy; and the relationship between these criteria and the current critiques of applied econometrics is examined.     

Empirical Evidence on the Success of R&;D Cooperation—Happy Together?

In this paper we analyse the effect of past R&D cooperation on current firms’ innovation performance. Success measures are: sales of innovative products, distinguishing between products new to the firm and new to the market, and cost reductions due to innovative processes. Particular attention is paid to the impact of different cooperation partners. The analysis rests on firm-level data of the annual German innovation survey. We find that R&D cooperation with competitors leads to greater cost reductions that are attributable to innovative processes. R&D cooperation with research institutes has a positive influence on a firm’s economic success with market novelties.      

我国上市公司可持续发展的计量模型与实证分析

随着我国对稳定发展资本市场的日益重视 ,如何客观评价上市公司自身的竞争优势、长期绩效和成长能力 ,从而科学认识其持续发展的内在规律已成为一个亟待研究和解决的重要问题。为此 ,本文构建出一个新颖的上市公司可持续发展计量模型 ,并首次运用屏面数据计量方法进行实证研究 ,通过使用数理统计工具 ,如Mahalanobis广义距离、计算机集约法和刀切法 ,深入剖析我国上市公司长期绩效的形成机制 ,发现动态累积效益模型能深刻揭示出各类可持续发展指标之间错综复杂的内在关系、真实体现上市公司可持续发展的本质特征并客观评价上市公司的综合素质。     

空间视角下生产性服务业集聚对城市土地集约利用的影响研究

研究目的:从空间视角研究生产性服务业集聚对中国城市土地集约利用的决定作用,为新型城镇化建设进程中合理安排城市产业布局、促进土地利用方式转变、实现城市经济和土地集约利用协同发展提供新思路。研究方法:空间计量分析法。研究结果:中国城市间生产性服务业集聚和土地集约利用在地理分布上具有显著空间关联性;全国层面,生产性服务业通过专业化集聚、多样化集聚产生的技术外溢效应和集聚规模产生的规模经济效应显著提高了城市土地集约利用水平;分板块层面,生产性服务业多样化集聚和集聚规模对城市土地集约利用的正向效应呈现东、中、东北、西部板块依次递减现象,而专业化集聚对城市土地集约利用的技术外溢效应在西部地区更明显。研究结论:提升生产性服务业集聚水平、促进产业结构优化和人口集聚有利于中国城市集约利用土地资源。