再议我国对美出口与美国GDP增长的相关性——基于协整分析和Granger因果检验

针对高运胜(2004)的病态计量模型,本文通过协整分析认为:我国对美出口与美国GDP增长率之间不存在长期均衡关系,但是我国对美出口与美国GDP之间存在一个正相关的长期均衡关系,美国经济发展有利于我国扩大出口。另一个结论是:美国GDP每增加1美元,我国对美出口增加量是减少的,我国对美出口收入弹性大于0小于1。后面的结论支持了高运胜的分析:我国对美出口产品中劳动密集型产品占有较大比重,需求弹性相对较低。Granger因果关系检验表明:美国GDP是我国对美出口的Granger原因,我国对美出口却不是美国GDP的Granger原因,我国对美出口对美国经济产生不了威胁。通过进一步分析,提出了几个政策建议。     

中国分地区进出口贸易与经济增长关系研究

从1981～2004年的统计数据看，我国同亚洲、非洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲、北美洲和大洋洲地区的进出口贸易与我国经济增长之间具有内在关系。我国同各地区的进出口贸易对经济增长的贡献存在明显差异。就长期而言，我国对欧洲地区的出口贸易对经济增长的贡献率最大，进口方面则是从北美洲的进口对我国经济增长的贡献率最大。这一结论为我国贸易政策的分地区调整提供了实证依据。     

技术壁垒影响我国茶叶出口的实证分析

茶叶是我国传统的出口创汇农产品,一直以来,我国茶叶出口在国际市场上占据着极其重要的地位。随着国际农产品市场的进一步开放和国际茶叶市场竞争的日益激烈,我国茶叶的出口越来越受到国外技术壁垒的影响。本文主要从实证的角度研究了国外技术壁垒对我国茶叶出口贸易的影响,研究表明:技术壁垒是众多影响我国茶叶出口因素中的最重要的因素,并在此基础上提出了应对技术壁垒的对策。     

外国技术壁垒对我国出口的影响及出口行业的对策

加入WTO后,我国产品出口面临着越来越多的技术壁垒限制,给我国的经济造成巨大损失。因此,运用三国模型假设,分别从技术壁垒的价格效应、数量效应及贸易条件效应三个方面对技术壁垒的贸易效应进行了分析及实证检验。在对我国出口频遭国外技术壁垒限制的原因探讨的基础上,提出相应对策。     

对我国水果进出口贸易的思考

近20年来,我国水果总产量增长迅速,水果进出口贸易增长的幅度也很快,但是水果进口额增长速度远远高于出口额增长速度。目前我国水果出口存在很多问题,如没有自己的品牌,经营观念落后等。这造成了我国虽然是水果的生产大国,却是出口小国。本文对我国水果出口存在的问题,提出了一些解决方法。     

Land Transport for Export: The Effects of Cost, Time, and Uncertainty in Sub-Saharan Africa

In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), inland export transport costs and time delays are much higher for landlocked countries, vary substantially between different geographic corridors, and exhibit substantial uncertainty. Unit costs and costs of time for land transport of exports are high for many agricultural products relative to metals and other high-value products. We illustrate systemic uncertainty in land and maritime transport for exporting by use of simulation. Relationships among uncertainty, infrastructure quality, and other features of logistics systems are highly non-linear, and can be potentially used to identify priorities for trade facilitation.     

Influence of International Openness on Corporate Environmental Performance in China

This paper examines how international openness influences China's corporate environmental performance. A unique firm‐level dataset is constructed by combining two databases: the Annual Industrial Survey and the China GreenWatch Program Rating System. The empirical results obtained from a series of ordered probit models indicate that openness has a positive relation to corporate environmental performance in China. However, the two main market‐opening strategies in China, exporting and attracting foreign investment, have different effects on environmental performance. The results reveal that foreign investment plays a substantial and positive role that can support the environmental spillovers in China. However, the effect of exporting is insignificant. The environmental pressure from foreign customers to improve Chinese firms' environmental performance presents a challenge. Our study indicates that China could make environmental quality improvements through increased international openness, as is likely the case for other developing countries.     

China and the Global Financial Crisis： Assessing the Impacts and Policy Responses

The present paper explores the role of China in the creation of the current global financial crisis and the impacts of the crisis on its economy. It argues against the view that the ＂saving glut＂ in China （along with other Asian emerging economies） played a significant causal role in the crisis. The global financial crisis did not engender much damage in China＇s financial structure, thanks to the relatively closed, bank-centered financial system. However, the impacts on the ＂real＂ side of the Chinese economy were hard felt. Growth and employment have fallen, largely due to the decline in exports and foreign direct investment. The crisis reveals the vulnerability of the export-dependent growth pattern. Policy responses of the Chinese Government, including monetary, fiscal and social policies, have helped to stem the downfall of the economy in the immediate term, but some of the policies have not addressed the structural problems of the Chinese economy and might well aggravate such problems over time. The present paper proposes a tentative reform blueprint to rebalance the economy and to sustain long-term growth.     

International Market Segmentation and Cross-Export Strategies Development Case Study: Iranian Furniture Industry

ABSTRACT

By developing an international market and significant differences between countries in this regard, segmentation becomes an increasingly important concept in marketing. In this article, the international market of Iranian furniture industry is segmented and cross-exporting strategies are developed to increase the market share of Iranian furniture in each segment. To achieve this, two distance functions are introduced based on correlation between export groups to cluster countries with k-means algorithm. After market segmentation for increasing sales in each segment, cross-exporting strategies are predicted by extracting association rules in each segment based on Apriori algorithm to set export baskets.