动态能力、企业规模与双元创新关系研究——基于fsQCA方法的实证分析

对186家企业问卷数据进行模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA），探寻3种类型动态能力和企业规模等因素对双元创新的组合效应以及不同因素之间的互动关系。研究发现，分别存在两种等效路径支撑中国企业实现探索式创新和利用式创新；吸收能力作为核心条件存在，联合不同水平的机会识别、资源拼凑和企业规模，大大提高企业实现双元创新的可能性；此外，资源拼凑兼具探索性和利用性双重特征，联合机会识别促进双元创新，其中，资源丰裕的大规模企业更具优势。采用QCA构型研究方法，推动了企业创新行为选择的因果逻辑性研究，从单维视角向多维交互的整体视角转变，明确了各种类型动态能力与双元创新之间的关系以及不同能力间的依赖/替代关系。     

“高校—企业”技术转移对企业创新绩效的影响——来自经验取样法的证据

为探讨现代企业与高校之间技术转移对企业创新绩效的影响，立足我国高科技上市公司，以经验取样法为研究范式，以高管与高校之间技术转移体验及创新成效为对象，展开连续15周日记研究，结果发现：“高校—企业”技术转移会积极影响企业创新绩效，规划性博弈与功利性博弈具有中介作用，技术吸收能力具有调节作用。由此证明，在“高校—企业”技术转移合作中，企业技术吸收能力水平在历经组织间博弈后，将显著调节由技术转化而形成的创新绩效增幅。建议相关企业主动开展创新合作，并通过均衡性博弈机制完善自身技术吸收体系，实现“高校—企业”技术转移“双赢”初衷。     

驱动经济高质量发展的科技创新要素及时空差异——2009—2017年省级面板数据的空间计量分析

基于2009—2017年中国内地31个省域面板数据，利用空间计量模型分析科技创新驱动经济高质量发展的时空差异，认为中国经济高质量发展指数稳步上升，空间聚集及正向溢出效应显著，空间依赖性强。R&D投入强度、科技研发成果、万人高校在校人数及城镇化率对经济高质量发展的影响均为正，财政教育支出的影响为负；经济地理距离相近省份R&D投入强度、财政教育支出及城镇化率对本省经济高质量发展的影响均为正，科技研发成果、万人高校在校人数及互联网基础条件的影响均为负。西部及中部地区科技创新人力与科技财政支出要素对经济高质量发展的积极影响大于其它地区，而东部地区科技资金投入、科技研发成果及科技成果转化度要素对经济高质量发展的积极影响大于其它地区。     

互联网发展与区域创新能力非线性关系研究

党的十九大报告要求全力推动互联网、大数据、人工智能与实体经济深度融合。在此背景下，明晰互联网与区域创新能力关系至关重要。基于2006-2017年中国内地30个省区市面板数据，运用门槛面板回归技术，全面探讨了互联网发展与区域创新能力间的非线性关系。研究结果表明：互联网发展对区域创新能力存在边际报酬递增的正向非线性影响，且在政府支持环境下两者存在正向、边际报酬递增的非线性关系，但在对外开放环境下，两者存在正向U型关系。进一步研究发现，互联网发展对不同创新主体的创新能力存在异质性双门槛效应，如对高校、企业呈现出正向U型影响，而对研发机构表现为正向的边际效率递减规律。依据该结论提出具有针对性的差异化“互联网+创新能力”融合策略。     

The influence of the regional context on firms’ innovation patterns: evidence from Ecuador*

ABSTRACT

Using data from the Ecuadorean Innovation Survey of 2015, this paper identifies the innovation patterns that can be found in Ecuador. In addition, we analyse the influence of the regional innovation systems in determining these patterns. The results show that there are six differentiated patterns of innovation, although they all are related to the adoption and imitation of technologies. Finally, we observe that different regional characteristics condition the way in which firms organise innovation.     

Collaboration and innovation: An empirical study of Indian technological enterprises

In 2010, the Indian government declared 2010–2020 to be the ‘Decade of Innovation’ and established the State Innovation Councils and Sectoral Innovation Councils to encourage and facilitate innovation by technological firms. In this paper, we study the relationship between collaboration and innovation in a cross‐section of Indian firms, paying particular attention to the impact of the innovation councils. Our results suggest that domestic collaborations have an important impact on firm innovation, as do the innovation councils, but that the impact of the councils is less for firms that collaborate.     

Vulnerability to climate change: Are innovative countries in a better position?

The impact of climate change on organizations and economies remains one of the most significant yet underestimated threats. Although the consequences of climate change have started to gain attention among policy makers, international business research on this issue is lagging behind. Drawing from the knowledge and innovation literatures, we explore the impact of a country’s degree of innovation on its vulnerability to climate change. Using a longitudinal sample of 73 countries for the years of 1998–2013, we examine the impact of innovation, openness to trade, and regulatory quality on a country’s vulnerability to climate change. We find that R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP (innovation input), openness to trade, and regulatory quality decrease a country’s vulnerability to climate change. We also find that openness to trade moderates the effect of patenting rates (innovation output) on a country’s vulnerability to climate change.     

小世界网络视角下外向型开放式创新输出机制建模及仿真研究

现有关于网络环境下开放式创新的研究大都聚焦于内向型开放式创新，对于外向型开放式创新的关注不足。为更加真实地展现创新网络中知识创新、创新输出的整体行为机制，基于小世界网络仿真建模方法，从创新输出企业视角，探究创新输出与创新网络、创新绩效之间的内在关系。结果发现：网络关系强度、创新开放度与网络整体知识水平呈正相关关系，而个体网络规模与网络整体知识水平呈非线性相关关系；网络关系强度与网络知识水平分布均匀性呈正相关关系，创新开放度、个体网络规模与网络知识水平分布均匀性均呈非线性相关关系；当企业创新能力较强、解吸能力较弱时，网络整体知识水平和网络知识分布差异较大。创新输出企业可以结合网络结构和网络关系，优化创新网络、主体能力与创新开放度，制定开放策略，从而实现获取创新收益与保持自身竞争优势的双重平衡。     

国家科技创新能力时空差异性评价

科技创新规模扩张和科技创新效率提升是增强国家科技创新能力的两条关键途径。基于现有研究鲜有结合科技创新规模和科技创新效率开展国家科技创新能力评价的现状，采用因子分析法，系统筛选国家科技创新规模影响因素，并结合科技创新效率影响因素，完善国家科技创新能力评价指标体系，通过构建DEA Malmquist指数模型，评价不同时期国家科技创新效率变化指数，以及中国与全球10个国家科技创新能力的时空差异性。研究表明，R&D投入强度、R&D研究人员、专利申请量、科技期刊文章数、高科技产品出口额占制成品出口总额的百分比、科技创新效率是影响国家科技创新能力的关键指标；1991-2014年中国科技创新能力水平呈指数增长态势，有力提升了国家科技实力；全球10个国家科技创新能力水平除日本出现一定波动外，其余九国整体呈小幅递增态势。     

Combinations of technology in US patents, 1926–2009: a weakening base for future innovation?

In combinatorial models of innovations, new technologies are built from combinations of pre-existing technological components. Researchers learn which components work well together by observing previously successful combinations and the pool of ideas can be ‘fished out’, i.e. exhausted, if it is not ‘restocked’ by the discovery of novel connections. We first show US patents have made increasingly less novel connections among technological constituents since the 1950s, and that the number of technological fields to which these connections are applicable has stopped growing since the 1980s. We then estimate the parameters of an ideas production function, and find parameter estimates consistent with technology fields being fished out if not continually restocked by the discovery of novel connections between technological components. We use the ideas production function to estimate the number of new patent applications induced by each patent granted between 1926 and 2001, and show this number has trended downward since the 1940s.