The new middle class in emerging markets: How values and demographics influence discretionary consumption

The rise of new middle‐class consumers in rapidly transforming emerging markets has attracted the attention of Western business executives. What they know about this growing segment of customers will determine whether they succeed or fail in these markets. The present study examines the factors that drive the discretionary consumption of this new middle class, including the effects of consumerist values, religious values, occupation, education levels, and ownership of fixed assets. The study draws its insights from data gathered from 391 new middle‐class consumers in Ankara, the second‐largest city in Turkey. The findings provide important implications for businesses, both indigenous and foreign. An overall implication is that managers ought to understand and qualify the new middle class in emerging markets not simply by their access to disposable income but by deeper attitudinal and behavioral characteristics.     

The role of psychological and socio-demographical factors for electric bike use in Norway

The electric bike (e-bike) is emerging as a new sustainable transport mode in Norway and has the potential to lead to increased cycling among the population. However, little is known about psychosocial determinants of e-bike use. The aim of the study was to examine the role of normative and environmental beliefs, the perceived attributes of e-bikes, and innovativeness and demographical factors related to e-bike use in a Norwegian sample. An online survey was used to collect data from 910 respondents, including both e-bike users (252) and non-users (658). The respondents were recruited via a commercial panel (response rate 42.04%) and a Facebook post. A structural equation modeling analysis was used to analyze the data. The structural model had a good fit to the data. The results showed that attitudes towards e-bike use followed by innovativeness were the most important predictors of e-bike use. The normative processes measured within the Norm Activation Model activated positive attitudes towards e-bike use, which in turn predicted e-bike use. There was a negative relationship between e-bike and conventional bike use, while a positive relationship was found between car and e-bike use. The results are discussed with regard to their implications for interventions aiming to promote e-bike use.     

农业创业情境下商业模式设计的影响机制研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

农业创业者如何通过整合与管理资源与能力，设计新颖型商业模式创造更多价值，是实现乡村振兴战略的关键措施。文章基于资源编排、商业模式理论，以央视《致富经》栏目40个案例为样本，运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法，剖析资源编排、机会能力、创业学习所构成的前因变量组态对农业创业活动中商业模式设计的影响机制。研究发现，资源编排在农业创业活动中发挥不可或缺的关键作用；相较于资源结构化和资源捆绑，资源利用在新颖型商业模式设计中的作用更为突出；机会能力须与资源编排共同作用，方可实现新颖型商业模式设计；在资源编排作用缺乏时，创业学习的发挥有助于新颖型商业模式设计的形成。研究成果诠释了农业创业情境下资源编排、机会能力与创业学习对商业模式设计的影响机制，为开展农业创业活动提供指导。     

Hotel customers’ environmentally responsible behavioral intention: Impact of key constructs on decision in green consumerism

Since rapidly growing numbers of customers prefer environmentally responsible products, efforts to “green” hotel operations are becoming increasingly important. The study reported here was designed to investigate guests’ intention formation when selecting an environmentally responsible hotel. The intention was to extend the Model of Goal-directed Behavior (MGB) by integrating several essential variables (environmental awareness, perceived effectiveness, and eco-friendly behavior and reputation) in explicating customers’ eco-friendly behavior. Findings from the measurement model indicated that study variables included a satisfactory level of reliability and validity. Results from the structural modeling revealed that the proposed theoretical framework had a strong ability to anticipate intention; incorporated constructs that played a vital role in hotel guests’ decision formation; and identified attitudes and desires that acted as mediators. The role of established variables in the original MGB was redefined. Our model had superior prediction power over the MGB, accounting for guests’ environmentally friendly buying behavior accurately.     

我国居民杠杆率现状及影响因素研究

近年来,我国居民部门杠杆率的快速上升引起社会各界关注。本文使用货币信贷和城镇储户调查数据,对我国居民部门杠杆率和偿债能力现状进行了分析,并运用各省住户贷款数据计算各省的居民杠杆率,使用面板数据模型对居民杠杆率上升的原因进行了实证分析。结果表明,房价的快速上涨和住房销售的增长都对居民部门杠杆率的上升有显著正向影响,其中房价上涨的影响程度更大。此外,金融发展水平和老年人抚养比对居民杠杆率有正向影响,少年人抚养比对居民杠杆率有负向影响。     

耕地质量监测预警研究进展

耕地质量是人类社会赖以生存与发展的物质基础,是农业发展的基本生产资料。为发挥监测预警体系在耕地质量建设中的主体作用,实现耕地质量的可持续利用,本文采用文献综述法和系统分析法综述了耕地质量监测和预警体系在国内外的研究进展,并着重对时间序列分析模型、灰色预测模型和回归分析模型三种耕地质量预警模型进行阐述。耕地质量监测预警体系具有实时、动态、全方位的监测与预警功能,对监测预警指标体系、方法、周期、模型和理论实践探究还需要进一步完善,同时还需要借助应用大数据,以期为耕地质量精准化监测预警提供实时的数据及模型支持服务。     

信息化对制造业升级的影响机制研究

信息化对制造业升级的影响日益深远，但其影响机制也更加复杂。通过微观、宏观双视角定性论述，借助GMM模型对中国283个城市2004-2014年的面板数据进行定量测度，探讨了信息化对制造业升级的影响机制。结果显示：信息化与制造业升级存在倒U型关系，当信息化程度未跨过风险拐点时，其对制造业升级会产生促进作用；信息化程度跨过风险拐点后，信息化对制造业升级的促进作用呈下降趋势。研究表明信息化并不总是促进制造业升级，信息化是机遇也是挑战，各地区需要因地制宜，结合自身工业化水平来发展信息化。     

科技型小微企业创新生态系统网络治理研究

建立一个完整、高效的创新生态系统是破解科技型小微企业创新困境、提高创新效率，以及助力新旧动能转换的有效途径。基于生态系统理论和演化动力学模型，构建科技型小微企业创新生态系统网络框架和网络联结模式，利用竞争、互利共生和捕食关系演化模型，分析演化模型的均衡点及其稳定条件。结果发现，创新生态位重叠程度决定了竞争激烈程度，系统演化均衡条件是主体间分工程度高，且嵌入适度。最后，从价值主体和机构主体两个方面〖JP〗提出推进科技型小微企业创新生态系统不断进化的治理策略。     

外商直接投资、区域创新与城市化发展研究

基于2000—2017年省际面板数据,运用静态面板与门限面板模型,通过建立以政府干预、市场化进程为门限变量的回归模型,实证分析了外商直接投资与区域创新对我国城市化发展的影响。研究结果表明:外商直接投资、区域创新对城市化发展有积极的带动作用,同时,外商直接投资对区域创新的作用由替代效应向互补效应转变;政府干预对外商直接投资存在双重门限效应,对区域创新存在单一门限效应;市场化对外商直接投资存在单一门限效应,但对区域创新存在双重门限效应。基于以上结论,进一步提出促进城市化发展的建议。     

要素价格扭曲、行业异质性与R&D投入关系研究——来自中国制造业28个细分行业的证据

从中观视角研究要素价格扭曲对制造业R&D投入的影响及行业差异，厘清行业异质性背景下要素价格扭曲影响R&D投入的理论机制，运用制造业细分行业数据，结合非线性面板门槛模型进行深入分析。结果显示：要素价格扭曲对制造业R&D资本投入和R&D人力投入均均具有显著抑制效应，行业异质性因素在二者间发挥重要调节作用。进一步，运用面板门槛模型对行业异质性因素的作用进行探究。结果表明，行业特征因素如市场竞争、资本密集度、企业平均规模以及对外开放度在不同门槛值区间，要素价格扭曲对R&D投入的影响效应均存在显著差异。研究结论为全面深化市场化改革、提高要素资源配置效率、促进制造业自主创新转型升级，进而推动创新型国家建设具有一定启示意义。