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81.
中国中老年人的健康状况对劳动参与的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
田艳芳 《山西财经大学学报》2010,(3)
利用中国健康与养老追踪调查——浙江和甘肃两省的预调查数据,分析了两省45岁及以上人群的健康状况对其劳动参与的影响。考虑到健康和劳动参与的联立性以及健康状况的内生性问题,建立了健康和劳动参与的联立方程,使用二阶段估计方法进行分析。结果显示,健康状况对45岁以上中老年人的劳动参与有显著的正影响;劳动参与不仅无损于健康状况,反而有利于健康,说明存在理由内生性。因此,在老龄化压力日益增大的当今社会,要保持劳动力市场中有足够的老年劳动力供给,加强健康保健服务、加大对卫生部门的投入十分必要。 相似文献
82.
This article investigates why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when their farms’ total land area is small and households, almost fully dependent on farming for their livelihoods, are large. It uses a comprehensive survey carried out during the agricultural year 2005/2006 to explore agricultural households’ perceptions of production, market conditions and general security 6 years after the end of the military conflict in the former Yugoslavia. Several locational, household and farm characteristics empirically approximate the significance of different factors for the amount of land left idle. Two different econometric models are used to address the characteristics of the dependent variable distribution by accounting for endogeneity. The main determinants of the share of land left fallow are found to be related to the economic and institutional structure, and to the general feeling of insecurity. 相似文献
83.
Louis de Grange Rodrigo Troncoso Nicolás Odeh Felipe González 《Applied economics》2017,49(18):1763-1773
An empirical analysis is developed that quantifies the impact of different types of traffic incidents on the speed and maximum flow averages of vehicles on a controlled-access highway. The incident types considered include damage to highway infrastructure, vehicle rollover, crashes (into stationary objects), collisions (with moving vehicles), rain, fog, vehicle breakdowns, pedestrians on roadway, etc. Using real-world data from Chile’s most heavily used urban motorway/freeway, estimates of incident impacts on speed are generated using a multiple linear regression model incorporating instrumental variables to correct for endogeneity. Flow results are then generated using the fundamental traffic equation relating speed, flow and density. A ranking of the impacts on highway traffic of the different incident types based on incident frequency as well as impact size demonstrates that for the real case studied, the incidents with the greatest cumulative effect are (in order of magnitude) vehicle breakdown, collisions and rain. 相似文献
84.
César Alonso-Borrego 《Applied economics》2017,49(50):5074-5091
This article studies the effect on the risk of female victimization of the employment status of the woman and her partner. We use individual-level data from the violence against women surveys for Spain, which also provide information on income and a rich set of sociodemographic characteristics. To address the potential endogeneity of the binary employment indicators, we exploit exogenous geographical information on the employment and unemployment rates by gender and age, within a multivariate probit framework. Our estimation results show that male partner employment plays a major role in the risk of physical violence, while female employment only lowers it when her partner is employed too. The lowest risk appears for more egalitarian couples in which both partners are employed. 相似文献
85.
本文以2002—2009年716家上市公司为样本,在动态内生性的框架下,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法,研究了机构投资者、市场化进程与公司代理成本间的关系。研究发现,机构投资者持股比例和市场化进程都与公司代理成本负相关,机构投资者与市场化进程在降低公司代理成本方面存在替代关系。通过进一步研究发现,机构投资者和市场化进程都对公司代理成本有长期影响。公司代理成本在机构投资者影响公司绩效中起部分中介作用,而在市场化进程影响公司绩效中起完全中介作用。 相似文献
86.
This paper addresses two challenges that the fiscal decentralisation and economic growth nexus faces – namely, endogeneity problems and inaccurate measurement of fiscal decentralisation. We introduce novel instrumental variables based on common legal system origin, common federal system, geographical position and relative country size. The positive relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth that we find remains valid when using these instrumental variables. Using fiscal decentralisation measures that better reflect the autonomy of subnational governments changes this relationship. This finding, however, is the result of the accompanying changes in the sample rather than the use of these alternative measures themselves. 相似文献
87.
Origin and concentration 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We analyse the effects of different types and concentration of ownership on performance using a large population of firms in the Czech Republic after mass privatization. Specifications based on first‐differences combined with instrumental variables show that the performance effects of different types and concentration of ownership are limited when compared to earlier studies. Often, concentrated ownership has a positive effect, a finding that supports the agency theory. The positive effect of foreign ownership is detected primarily for majority ownership and for ownership by foreign industrial firms. The state as a holder of the golden share has a positive effect on employment and sometimes, also on output and profitability. Overall, our results highlight the benefits of strategic restructuring accompanied by an inflow of new capital and managerial culture. 相似文献
88.
The attributes of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) influencing access to credit, in particular the level and role of firm informality, are analysed in the article. The puzzle is the push for MSEs to join the formal sector and the tug to avoid the extra burden it places on the firm. It is important to know more clearly what forces are at work and the sources of the causal effects. This study uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for five low-income countries (LICs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The method is empirical and as we find informality to be endogenous to credit constraints, an instrumental variable approach is estimated. Further, to address the possibility of reverse causality, an instrument for the informality variable is required; not registered with Inland Revenue (tax office) is the chosen instrument variable. The findings reveal that as the probability of a firm operating in the formal sector increases, there is greater access to external credit. The causality relationships are tested providing a strong platform for the formalization of polices to reduce the informality of the MSE sector. These are discussed in the context of the research findings. 相似文献
89.
Dynamic analysis of British demand for tourism abroad 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Panayiota Lyssiotou 《Empirical Economics》2000,25(3):421-436
This paper investigates how preference endogeneity, in the form of habit persistence, can affect short-run and long-run tourism
expenditure decisions. The proposed model is applied to British quarterly data over the period 1979–91 and the empirical results
suggest that preference endogeneity appears to have an important effect. This has policy implications for countries competing
for British tourist arrivals. The differences between the short-run and long-run price and budget elasticities which are implied
by habit persistence are also investigated. 相似文献
90.
This study empirically investigated the relationship between board gender diversity and firm's green innovation, using panel data of public companies of China's manufacturing. Green product innovation was assessed by “green” patents and green process innovation assessed by environmental management certification. The endogeneity problem that resulted from self‐selection of gender diversity was addressed by means of extended probit regressions with an instrumental variable, and the instrumental variable was elaborately constructed based on changes in directorships. The findings show that occurrence of green innovation at the firm‐level is systematically related to female board representation. Specifically, women can exert a sizable and positive effect on green innovation, once they enjoy at least two seats on the boards; a further increase in representation of women on the boards can increase the likelihood of green product innovation rather than the likelihood of green process innovation. These results were robust to various regression specifications and alternative samples. The study provides empirical evidence that women at the top management can play a positive role in developing firm's active environmental strategies, and the conclusions are of practical implications for improving corporate governance along the environmental dimension. 相似文献