基于IPEA方程思想的江苏省节能潜力分析

基于IPEA方程思想,对江苏省能源消耗进行了历史回顾,预测了2010年、2015年和2020年的江苏省能源消耗总量;通过产业结构演进—能源消费和产业结构演进—单位GDP能耗两个模型,分析了1985年以来江苏省产业结构演进与能源消费和单位GDP能耗的关系,结果显示,产业结构演进与一次能源消费总量和单位GDP能耗之间存在着密切的关系,通过IPEA方程分析和预测可知,在按GDP年递增率0.10的情况下,如果单位GDP能耗递减率低于0.0909,能源消耗量会增加。在今后的发展中,江苏省应继续通过一系列产业结构调整和优化措施,降低能源消耗。     

Eighteenth-Century Evolutionary Thought and its Relevance in the Age of Legislation

This essay revisits the evolutionist writingsof the eighteenth century to clarify their key ideas concerninglegal and social evolution and to assess their relevance in thepresent era of pervasive legislation. The discovery of the principleof the accumulation of design is traced to these writings andthe continuity of twentieth century spontaneous-order theoryand new institutional economics with this tradition is noted.While highlighting the contributions of other institutional theoriststo the elucidation of the role of purposive action in legal evolution,the author argues that input designing does not alter the fundamentalnature of legal emergence as postulated by the eighteenth centuryscholars. The essay supports the ideal of legal generality, freespeech, property and contractual freedom as normative implicationsof the evolutionary viewpoint.     

企业三个基本问题的研究

经济学的理论研究至今没有把企业成长制度的分析放在经济发展和经济改革研究的核心地位 ,理论突破和系统成果都十分缺乏。文章对学术界关于企业性质的研究、企业成长的研究、企业制度演进的研究作了评述     

经济结构理论及其在中国的发展

文章勾勒了经济结构的历史演变轮廓； 回顾了新中国成立后对经济结构理论与实践的探索； 论述了改革开放以来中国经济结构理论的新发展； 提出了新时期的经济结构调整需要以理论创新为先导的主张。新时期的结构理论创新主要体现在：资源配置理论被运用于结构调整分析中，提出了结构调整主体和调整战略转换理论；西方制度变迁理论在经济结构变动中的运用；结构升级与支柱产业理论的探讨。     

浅析翻译生态的演变与发展

应该用翻译生态学的手段、方法、与各种翻译理论相结合,更深入、系统地研究这些因素。这些因素彼此间的相互作用及其对翻译系统的作用和影响,对我国翻译事业发展,从新的观点出发,形成更科学的理论基础,自然成为我国研究翻译生态学的中心任务。简明地分析翻译生态演替的原因、原理、表现和发展趋势,旨在为我国的翻译生态研究服务。     

古代粟名演变新考

"稷"是粟在商周时期的别称。"禾"本为粟的原始象形字,后引申作谷物总名,是战国秦汉时期粟的主要称呼,宋代以后南方地区也有专指稻的。"谷"最初被用作谷物的总名,魏晋以后则成为粟的普遍称呼。"粟"本义是指谷子的籽实,但战国秦汉时可泛指谷类作物籽实,魏晋以后则演化成谷子的专名,既可指植株也可指籽实,唐代以后还可以专指稻。不过这些粟的名称只是当时多数地区的主流称呼,实际上各个时期都存在不同名称交叉的现象。另外,"粢"最初是指祭祀时所用之粟,"粱"是粟的一个优良品种,"秫"是粟的一个品种即粘粟,而"穈"和"芑",则是指红粱粟和白粱粟。     

循环经济的生态学基础探究

循环经济本质上是一种生态经济,生态学是其重要的学科基础.已有文献论述了循环经济的若干生态学原理,文章从以下几个方面予以补充:(1)循环再生原理:从有限到无限的生命法则; (2)进化与演替:发展循环经济必须以文化、社会的深刻变革为依托; (3)主导性与多样性原理:主导性和多样性的合理匹配才能维持系统的稳定与持续; (4)自生原理:合理利用和维护自然系统的自生机制,保证经济与社会发展的可持续性.     

The Evolution of R&D Laboratories in the Brazilian Polymer Industry

ABSTRACT

Ronstadt observed that R&D laboratories in foreign subidiaries of American multinationals follow an evolutionary pattern of development. First, these laboratories adapt foreign technology to the local conditions and local raw materials. Later, laboratories focus their activity in obtaining product quality. In the last stage, these R&D units generate new technology of a long-term or exploratory nature for the corporate parent. Based on this theoretical background, this paper studies the evolution of R&D investments in polymer firms in Brazil. The methodology used was a case study conducted in 5 firms from the polymer area, complemented with secondary sources.

RESUMEN. Según Ronstadt, los laboratorios de I&D de las subsidiarias extranjeras de las multinacionales norteamericanas, cumplen un programa de desarrollo evolucionario. En primer lugar, estos laboratorios adaptan las tecnologías extranjeras a las condiciones locales y las materias primas existentes. A continuación, los laboratorios orientan sus actividades en obtener un producto de alta calidad. En la última etapa, estas unidades de I&D generan nueva tecnología de características a largo plazo o naturaleza exploratoria para la corporación matriz. Usando como base estos antecedentes teóricos, este documento estudia la evolución de las inversiones realizadas por las empresas de polímeros en el campo de la I&D en el Brasil. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio de caso realizado en 5 empresas fabricantes de polímeros, complementado con otras fuentes secundarias.

RESUMO. Ronstadt observou que os laboratórios de R&D em subsidiárias estrangeiras de multinacionais americanas seguem um padrão evolutivo de desenvolvimento. Primeiro, estes laboratórios adaptam a tecnologia estrangeira às condiç[otilde]es e às matérias-primas locais. Posteriormente, os laboratórios focalizam a sua atividade na obtenção da qualidade do produto. E, finalmente, estas unidades de R&D geram uma nova tecnologia para a matriz de natureza exploratória ou de longo prazo. Baseado nesta experiência teórica, este trabalho investiga a evolução dos investimentos de R&D em empresas de polímeros no Brasil. A metodologia usada foi um estudo de caso conduzido em cinco empresas da área de polímeros, complementada por fontes secundárias.     

软件外包合作关系信任演化路径和模型研究

软件外包企业间相互信任通过合作关系发展起来，而信任的发展又会促进双方谋求更多的合作，从而形成循环向上的发展过程。在伙伴关系前提下，信任演化路径由感觉、感知、感化再到系统管理阶段，由感性信任的逐步积累，进而上升到对理性信任的科学项目化管理。最终合作双方的信任管理能根据不同项目变成不断的良性循环，信任变成了外包企业中的一种文化。     

The evolving brand logic: a service-dominant logic perspective

The meanings of brand and branding have been evolving over the past several decades. This evolution is converging on a new conceptual logic, which views brand in terms of collaborative, value co-creation activities of firms and all of their stakeholders and brand value in terms of the stakeholders’ collectively perceived value-in-use. The authors argue that this new logic parallels and reflects the related, evolving service-dominant (S-D) logic in marketing. They provide an historical account of the branding literature, organize it into eras, and connect it to the evolution in marketing as captured by S-D logic. The analysis provides further support for the S-D logic of marketing and suggests a related research agenda for furthering the understanding of brand and branding. It also suggests that marketing managers might benefit from investing resources in building strong brand relationships with all of their stakeholders and a service-dominant firm philosophy built around brand value co-creation.